备案审查的宪法之维  

The Related Constitutional Problems of Filing Review System

作　　者：李忠夏 Li Zhongxia

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100875

出　　处：《法学杂志》2025年第2期1-17,F0002,共18页Law Science Magazine

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金规划重点项目“全过程人民民主的宪法基础:基于中国宪法学自主知识体系的研究”(项目编号:22FXA006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：备案审查是中国宪法监督制度的重要一环,其中涉及诸多尚未解决的宪法问题。备案审查制度虽然涉及合宪性审查,但与合宪性审查制度存在一定的不同。从宪法到《立法法》,我国的立法审查经历了制度逻辑上的变迁。只有从制度变迁的角度才能更好地透视备案审查与合宪性审查的关系,以及合宪性审查、合法性审查、适当性审查三者之间的关系。根据宪法和《立法法》的规定,我国的立法审查制度包括备案时审查、备案后审查和“不适当”审查三种。这三种审查模式都涉及合宪性、合法性、适当性、政治性等审查类型,但在审查基准、审查强度等方面有所不同。应该根据不同审查模式所承担的不同功能,对之加以区分。Filing review is an important part of China's constitutional supervision system,which involves many unresolved constitutional issues.Although the filing review system involves constitutional review,it is still different from the constitutional review system itself.From the Constitution to the Legislation Law,legislative review in China has undergone a logical change about the institution.Only from the perspective of institutional change can we better understand the relationship between filing review and constitutional review,as well as the relationship between the review of constitutionality,the review of legality and appropriateness.According to the Constitution and the Legislation Law,China's legislative review system should include three types of review:review at the time of filing,review after filing and“inappropriate”review.These three review models all involve several review methods such as constitutionality,legality and appropriateness,but they differ in review standards and intensity.They should be distinguished based on the different functions they undertake.

关 键 词：备案审查 合宪性审查 合法性审查 适当性审查 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]