中国犯罪论体系的自主性建构  

The Independence of Selection Criteria for Criminal Theory Systems

作　　者：冀洋[1] Ji Yang

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《法学杂志》2025年第2期34-49,共16页Law Science Magazine

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“数字经济的刑事安全风险防范体系建构研究”(项目编号:21&ZD210)的阶段性成果;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金;江苏高校“青蓝工程”资助。

摘　　要：我国刑法学知识体系自主性建构的首要问题是评价标准的自主性,犯罪论体系的选择也不例外。在近12年犯罪论体系转型中,阶层论在理论和教学上逐渐处于强势地位,但体系之下的评价概念越发晦涩,实务上的裁判说理功效并未彰显。四要件论和阶层论作为两种犯罪成立模型,均是定罪思维的理论与教学模型而不是操作规程,阶层论“先客观后主观”的判断顺序难以贯彻,犯罪认定的真正阶层顺序是“原则—例外”模式。犯罪论体系缺乏行为规范功能,学界对四要件论的批评源于对阶层论的功能信赖过高,犯罪论体系应当用本土概念支撑裁判说理。犯罪论体系的建构要以本国刑法规范为分析对象,主观归罪、违背罪刑法定等司法问题与采用何种犯罪论体系无关,而是由司法者的犯罪观决定。我国“定性+定量”的立法模式、特殊的共同犯罪条款、犯罪成立的行政程序性要件等立法现状,决定了阶层论的体系概念没有当然实践优势。The primary issue in constructing the independent intellectual system of criminal science is the independent evaluation criteria,and the choice of criminal theory system is no exception.In the transformation of criminal theory system over the past twelve years,the stratum theory has gradually become dominant,but the evaluation concepts under this system have become increasingly obscure,and the reasoning effect in judicial practice has not been demonstrated.The four-element theory and the stratum theory,as two models for the establishment of crime,are theoretical and teaching models for the conviction thought,rather than operational procedures.The judgment sequence of“objective first,then subjective”in the stratum theory is difficult to implement,and the true stratum sequence is the“general rule-exception”model.The criminal theory system cannot express behavioral norms.The academic criticism of the four-element theory stems from an over-reliance on the function of stratum theory.The criminal theory system should apply local concepts to support reasoning in adjudication.Any criminal theory system should take domestic norms as the object of analysis.Some problems,such as violation of the legality principle,are not necessarily related to criminal theory system,but are determined by the criminal law provisions and values.The legislative status indicates that the stratum theory does not have an inherent practical advantage.

关 键 词：犯罪论体系 自主性建构 阶层论 教学模型 “原则—例外”模式 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]