中国经济犯罪“出民入刑”的理论形塑与实现逻辑  

The Theoretical Shape and Realization Logic of the Thought“Being beyond the Governance of Civil Law and Subject to Criminal Punishment”of China Economic Crime

作　　者：夏伟 Xia Wei

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《法学杂志》2025年第2期50-66,共17页Law Science Magazine

摘　　要：经济犯罪“先刑后民”的刑事司法传统,导致其渐进陷入“以刑逼民”与“刑民倒挂”的双重法治困局。“先刑后民”作为程序规则,隐含“有罪预判”的先验逻辑,刑事程序推进(有罪)程序惯性越强烈,就越难以被纠正。鉴于当前刑事司法缺乏扭转程序惯性的制度基础,要走出经济犯罪“先刑后民”引发的法治困局,关键在于立足刑民关系坚守“出民入刑”的基本立场,对假性经济犯罪进行类型性排除。在实体维度,应当区分业务关联型经济犯罪与职务关联型经济犯罪。对于前者,考虑业务的可容错性与可预期性,应当排除可通过民事渠道实现救济之情形。对于后者,考虑职务内含的利益冲突,应当排除主要为单位谋取利益及不损害单位利益之情形。在程序维度,应当将非以维权为目的的“以刑逼民”纳入滥诉之范畴,建立由检察机关主导的监督机制。The criminal justice tradition of“criminal procedure before civil procedure”for economic crime has led to a gradual fall into the dual rule of law dilemma of“compelling civil dispute by criminal law”and“upside down the order of criminal law and civil law”.As a procedural rule,“criminal law before civil law”implies the transcendental logic of“pre-judgment of guilt”,and the stronger the procedural inertia of the guilty mindset becomes,the more difficult it is to be corrected.In view of the fact that the current criminal justice lacks the institutional basis to reverse the guilty inertia of the procedure,to get out of the dilemma caused by the economic crime of“criminal law before civil law”,the key is to base on the relationship between the criminal law and the civil law,adhere to the basic position of“being beyond the governance of civil law and subject to criminal punishment”,and carry out the exclusion of the false economic crime's type.In the substantive dimension,a distinction should be made between business-related economic crime and job-related economic crime.For the former,taking into account the tolerability and predictability of the business,it should be excluded that remedy can be realized through civil channel.For the latter,taking into account the conflict of interest inherent in the position,situations in which the main benefit is for the unit and is not detrimental to the unit's interest should be excluded.In the procedural dimension,we should regard“resolving civil dispute by criminal law”which is not for the purpose of safeguarding rights,should be included in the category of abuse of litigation,and a supervisory mechanism led by the procuratorial authority should be established.

关 键 词：经济犯罪 有罪预判 先刑后民 出民入刑 假性经济犯罪 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]