农村集体经济组织与农民集体的关系之再思考--以《农村集体经济组织法》为视角  

Rethinking the Relationship between Rural Collective Economic Organisations and Farmers’Collectives:The Law on Rural Collective Economic Organisations As A Perspective

作　　者：李析锴 Li Xikai

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《法学杂志》2025年第2期95-110,共16页Law Science Magazine

基　　金：高校人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“新时代生态文明建设司法保障与服务的完善研究”(项目编号:22JJD820014)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《农村集体经济组织法》没有规定农村集体经济组织与农民集体之间的关系,致使不同地区立法文本与司法裁判对农村集体财产归属的表达存在混乱。农村集体经济组织与农民集体的关系存在代表种类不清晰、决议和权限来源不明的理论困境。农民集体民事地位不明、农民集体主体虚置是农村集体经济组织与农民集体关系模糊的主要原因。对农村集体经济组织与农民集体关系再界定必须满足保障农民利益与坚持公有制制度的政治基础。农村集体经济组织与农民集体具有同一性的结论,能够融入我国的法律体系,落实集体所有权,符合《民法典》第262条与《农村集体经济组织法》的文义与立法目的。在承认农村集体经济组织与农民集体的同一性的基础上,农村集体经济组织应当适当开放组织成员资格,享有集体财产完整的所有权权能,处理好与村民委员会权利的衔接。The Law on Rural Collective Economic Organisations does not regulate the relationship between rural collective economic organisations and farmers'collectives,which has led to confusion in the expression of the ownership of rural collective property in the legislative texts and judicial decisions of different regions.The relationship between rural collective economic organisations and farmers'collectives is plagued by the theoretical dilemma of unclear types of representatives and unclear sources of resolution and authority.The uncertainty of the civil status of peasant collectives and the obscure absence of the subject of peasant collectives are the main reasons for the ambiguity in the relationship between rural collective economic organisations and peasant collectives.The redefinition of the relationship between rural collective economic organisations and farmers'collectives must satisfy the political basis of safeguarding the interests of farmers and upholding the system of public ownership.The conclusion that rural collective economic organisations and farmers'collectives are identical can be integrated into the country's legal system and implementing collective ownership rights,are in line with the meanings and the legislative purpose of Article 262 of the Civil Code and the Law on Rural Collective Economic Organisations.On the basis of the recognition of the commonality of rural collective economic organisations and farmers'collectives,rural collective economic organisations should appropriately open up their membership,refine their membership structure,enjoy the full ownership rights of collective property and deal with the interface with the rights of the villagers'committees.

关 键 词：农村集体经济组织法 农村集体经济组织 农民集体 土地所有权 成员资格 

分 类 号：D922.4[政治法律—法学]