论省级人大常委会对市级地方性法规的监督  

On the Supervision of Provincial People’s Congress Standing Committee to Municipal Local Regulations

作　　者：孙波 Sun Bo

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院法律学院,上海201701

出　　处：《法学杂志》2025年第2期130-147,共18页Law Science Magazine

基　　金：上海市哲社规划中青班专项课题“地方人大常委会规范性文件备案审查的标准和范围研究”(项目编号:2019FZX013)的研究成果;“上海市高原学科(行政法)”和上海政法学院“问渠源学者”计划的资助。

摘　　要：目前,对市级地方性法规的监督主要有事前的省级人大常委会对市级地方性法规的批准制度和事后的有权机关的备案审查制度。前者造成市级地方性法规与省级地方性法规、规章之间的位阶关系不明确;全国人大常委会无法独立承担对市级地方性法规的事后监督职能;市级地方性法规的违法立法责任可能出现错配。同时,该制度在实践中所发挥的作用也未达到制度的设置目的。根据我国《宪法》和《地方组织法》设定的制度框架以及议事法理,批准制度与上下级人大之间的法律监督关系是不相符的,省级人大常委会对市级地方性法规的监督应当从事前批准转向事后的备案审查。为了对市级地方性法规进行更有效的监督,可以根据获得地方立法权的时间分批废止批准制度,在批准制度被全部废止前着力规范省级人大常委会的审查方式,同时,赋予省级人大常委会对市级地方性法规的备案审查权和撤销权。At present,the supervision of municipal local regulations mainly includes the approval system of municipal local regulations by the Standing Committee of the provincial People's Congress in advance and the record-review system of municipal local regulations by the competent authorities after the event.The former results in an unclear hierarchical relationship between municipal local regulations and provincial local regulations and provincial government regulations;the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is unable to fully assume the post supervision function of municipal local regulations,and there may be a mismatch of responsibility for illegal legislation of municipal local regulations.At the same time,the role played by the approval system in practice has not achieved the purpose of the system.According to the institutional framework set by the Constitution and the Local Organization Law and the legal principles of procedure,the approval system is inconsistent with the legal supervision relationship between the superior and subordinate People's congresses,therefore,the supervision of the Standing Committee of the provincial People's Congress on the municipal local regulations should be engaged in the approval to record-review after the fact.In order to carry out more effective supervision of municipal local regulations,we can consider abolishing the approval system in batches according to the time when the local legislative power is vested,limiting the use of the amendment power of the provincial People's Congress Standing Committee before the approval system is completely abolished,and giving the provincial People's Congress Standing Committee the power to record-review and revoke municipal local regulations.

关 键 词：省级人大常委会 市级地方性法规 批准 备案审查 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]