植物单倍体诱导技术研究进展  

Research Progress on Haploid Induction Technology in Plant

作　　者：耿帅锋[1] 李洋 李晓华 刘少帅 李爱丽[1] 毛龙[1] GENG Shuaifeng;LI Yang;LI Xiaohua;LIU Shaoshuai;LI Aili;MAO Long(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Wheat,Shanxi Agricultural University,Linfen 041000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081 [2]山西农业大学小麦研究所,山西临汾041000

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2025年第2期3-10,共8页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32072066)。

摘　　要：随着育种技术的进步和作物品种的遗传改良,作物产量得到了很大提高,初步解决了巨大的粮食需求问题,但常规育种周期太长,一般需要6~8 a才能得到纯合自交系,严重制约了新品种的培育速率。双单倍体技术(Double haploid,DH)作为近年来重要的一项育种技术,能大幅缩减育种年限,并提高作物育种效率。目前,虽然在单倍体诱导基因挖掘、单倍体诱导体系建立、单倍体筛选方法优化、染色体加倍技术改进方面已经取得很大的进展,但单倍体诱导(Haploid induction,HI)的效率还未达到生产的预期,且遗传基础知识体系仍不完善,单倍体鉴定体系也因物种不同而存在差异。因此,挖掘单倍体诱导新基因,创制高效单倍体诱导系和鉴定体系,是解决双单倍体技术应用瓶颈的主要方法。文章从双单倍体诱导技术研究的重要意义、单倍体诱导基因的研究现状、单倍体诱导产生的原因、单倍体鉴定方法研究进展等方面进行了综述,为植物中挖掘新的单倍体诱导基因、聚合创制高效单倍体诱导系和鉴定系以及解析单倍体诱导的遗传基础提供参考,并为作物单倍体诱导体系构建及其在作物育种中的应用提供理论和技术支撑。With the advancement of breeding technologies and the genetic improvement of crop varieties,crop yields have greatly increased,helping to address the growing food demand.However,conventional breeding cycles are too long,typically requiring 6 to 8 years to obtain homozygous inbred lines,which severely limits the rate of new variety development.Double haploid(DH)technology,an important breeding technique in recent years,can significantly shorten the breeding cycle and improve breeding efficiency.Although significant progress has been made in areas such as haploid induction gene discovery,haploid induction system establishment,haploid screening method optimization,and chromosome doubling technology improvement,the efficiency of haploid induction(HI)has not yet met production expectations.Furthermore,the genetic knowledge system remains incomplete,and haploid identification systems differ across species.Therefore,the exploration of new genes for haploid induction and the creation of highly efficient haploid induction lines and haploid identification system are key methods for addressing the application bottleneck of double haploid technology.In this article,the significance of research on double haploid induction technology,the current status of haploid induction gene research,the causes of haploid induction,and research progress on haploid identification methods were reviewed.it provided reference for exploration of new genes for haploid induction in plants,aggregated creation of highly efficient haploid induction lines and haploid identification lines,and analysis of the genetic basis of haploid induction.Additionally,It offered theoretical and technical support for the establishment of crop haploid induction systems and their application in crop breeding.

关 键 词：单倍体 磷脂酶 单倍体诱导系 小麦 

分 类 号：S335.4[农业科学—作物遗传育种]