小麦持绿性状遗传的研究进展  

Research Progress on Genetics of Stay-Green Traits in Wheat

作　　者：杨斌[1] 郑军 YANG Bin;ZHENG Jun(Institute of Wheat,Shanxi Agricultural University,Linfen 041000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学小麦研究所,山西临汾041000

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2025年第2期26-34,共9页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省科技成果转化引导专项(202304021301052);山西省重点研发计划(202302140601001)。

摘　　要：小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)作为全球重要的粮食作物,其产量和稳定性面临着干旱、高温等非生物胁迫带来的严峻挑战。持绿性状(Stay-Green,SG)是一种能够延缓叶片衰老、保持叶片光合能力、显著提高小麦抗逆性和产量稳定性的重要农艺性状,在逆境条件下表现出重要的应用价值。近年来,研究者通过遗传作图QTL定位和全基因组关联分析(GWAS),检测到超300个叶绿素相关QTL,并鉴定了Stay-Green(SGR)、Pheophytinase(PPH)和Non-Yellow Coloring 1(NYC1)等关键基因,它们通过调控叶绿素代谢和光合作用效率发挥重要作用。同时,激素信号与转录因子网络通过协同调控延缓叶片衰老。在表型鉴定技术方面,基于无人机遥感和高光谱成像的快速、精准测定技术显著提升了持绿性状研究的效率,为挖掘持绿关键基因和解析调控网络提供了技术支持。在育种应用中,标记辅助选择(MAS)和基因编辑技术有助于加快持绿性状的改良进程,增强小麦在逆境条件下的光合效率和产量稳定性。为了应对极端天气频发的挑战并促进小麦抗逆高产育种,文章综述了小麦持绿性状的分类、功能特征及其在延缓叶片衰老、提高抗逆性和光合效率中的作用,重点总结了持绿性状的遗传基础、分子调控机制的研究进展,并提出未来研究方向。Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.),as one of the world’s most important staple crops,faces significant challenges in yield and stability due to abiotic stresses such as drought and heat stress.Stay-Green(SG)is a vital agronomic trait that delays leaf senescence,and sustains photosynthetic capacity of leaves,thereby significantly enhancing wheat’s stress resistance and yield stability,it exhibits important applied value particularly under adverse environmental conditions.Through genetic mapping QTL and genome-wide association studies(GWAS),over 300 chlorophyll-related QTLs have been identified recently.Key genes,such as Stay-Green(SGR),Pheophytinase(PPH),and Non-Yellow Coloring 1(NYC1),have been identified to play critical roles in regulating chlorophyll metabolism and photosynthetic efficiency.Additionally,hormonal signaling pathways and transcription factor networks collaboratively regulate leaf senescence.In phenotype identification techniques,high-throughput and precise measurement technologies,such as UAV-based remote sensing and hyperspectral imaging,have substantially improved the efficiency of stay-green research,offering technical support for identifying key staygreen genes and unraveling regulatory networks.In breeding applications,marker-assisted selection(MAS)and advanced geneediting technologies have accelerated the improvement of stay-green traits,enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and yield stability in wheat under stress conditions.In order to address the challenges posed by frequent extreme weather and promote wheat stress resistant and high-yield breeding,in this article,the classification and functional characteristics of stay-green traits in wheat were comprehensively overviewed,focusing on their roles in delaying leaf senescence and improving stress resistance,and photosynthetic efficiency.By highlighting research progress on the genetic basis,molecular regulatory mechanisms of staygreen traits, future research directions were proposed.

关 键 词：小麦 持绿性状 遗传基础 分子调控 抗逆性 分子育种 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]