小麦表皮蜡质及干旱响应研究进展  

Research Progress on Wheat Epidermis Wax and Drought Response

作　　者：温宏伟 单皓 王裕智 张晋辉 杨斌[1] WEN Hongwei;SHAN Hao;WANG Yuzhi;ZHANG Jinhui;YANG Bin(Institute of Wheat,Shanxi Agricultural University,Linfen 041000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学小麦研究所,山西临汾041000

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2025年第2期35-44,共10页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省基础研究计划(202103021223156);山西省中央引导地方科技发展资金(YDZJSX2022A033,YDZJSX20231A039)。

摘　　要：小麦表皮蜡质是由超长链脂肪酸及其衍生物等复杂混合物组成的疏水性复合体,以晶体或者非晶体形式覆盖于小麦表皮组织中。作为抵御外界环境胁迫的首道物理屏障,表皮蜡质通过调控角质层通透性和调解植物与环境互作等机制,在维持水分平衡和应对生物及非生物胁迫中发挥重要作用。尽管对拟南芥等模式植物的研究已初步阐明表皮蜡质的基础代谢途径,但小麦作为异源六倍体作物,其基因组复杂性导致相关研究明显滞后,尤其是蜡质动态沉积与干旱信号转导的耦联机制仍不明确。文章系统综述了小麦表皮蜡质的化学组分、晶体结构、生物合成途径、调控机理及其响应干旱胁迫的研究进展,明确了蜡质结构、组分和含量均影响抗旱性,尤其是在干旱胁迫条件下,表皮蜡质可通过增加晶体密度和优化蜡质组分,显著降低非气孔水分蒸发;并阐明这些亲脂性代谢物的生物合成、分泌、组装及转运是由多个基因和复杂的分子网络协调控制的,包括ACCase介导的脂肪酸链延伸、由CER基因家族调控的醛类脱羧反应以及ATP结合转运蛋白等参与的蜡质分泌过程。这些基因和分子网络又会对干旱等非生物胁迫做出应激反应。因此,全面了解小麦表皮蜡质结构组分、生物合成途径、基因调控机理和干旱响应机制,对于在抗旱育种中利用表皮蜡质这一生物特性具有重要意义。The epidermis wax of wheat is a hydrophobic composite composed of complex mixtures,primarily including very-long-chain fatty acids and their derivatives,which exists in crystalline or amorphous forms coating the epidermal tissues.As the primary physical barrier against environmental stresses,this epidermis wax layer plays crucial roles in maintaining water homeostasis and mitigating biotic/abiotic stresses by modulating cuticular permeability and mediating plant-environment interactions.Although studies on model plants like Arabidopsis have elucidated fundamental metabolic pathways of cuticular wax,research progress on wheat-an allotetraploid crop with genomic complexity-remains comparatively limited.Notably,the coupling mechanisms between wax dynamic deposition and drought signal transduction remain poorly understood.Given this situation,in this review,current advances in the chemical composition,crystalline architecture,biosynthetic pathways,regulatory mechanisms,and drought-responsive adaptations of wheat epidermis wax were systematically synthesized.It was clarified that the structure,composition,and content directly influenced drought resistance.Especially,under drought stress conditions,epidermis wax significantly reduced non-stomatal water evaporation through enhancing crystal density and optimizing chemical composition.And it was also expounded that the biosynthesis,secretion,assembly,and transport of these lipophilic metabolites were coordinately regulated by multiple genes and intricate molecular networks,including acetyl-CoA carboxylase(ACCase)-mediated fatty acid elongation,aldehyde decarbonylation controlled by the CER gene family,and ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporter-dependent wax secretion processes.These genetic and molecular networks dynamically responded to abiotic stresses such as drought.Therefore,a comprehensive understanding of the structural composition,biosynthetic pathways,regulatory gene networks,and drought-responsive mechanisms of wheat epidermis wax holds significant implications f

关 键 词：小麦 表皮蜡质 干旱胁迫 化学组分特征 合成代谢途径 调控机理 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]