小麦蚜虫防控策略及抗蚜性研究进展  

Research Progress on Wheat Aphid Prevention and Control Strategies and Aphid Resistance

作　　者：王艳斌 任飞荣 谢咸升 WANG Yanbin;REN Feirong;XIE Xiansheng(Institute of Wheat,Shanxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture(Co-construction By Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Linfen 041000,China;School of Life Sciences,Henan University/National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学小麦研究所/农业农村部有机旱作农业重点实验室(部省共建),山西临汾041000 [2]河南大学生命科学学院/棉花生物育种与综合利用全国重点实验室,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2025年第2期57-66,共10页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西农业大学“引进人才科研启动工程”项目(2023BQ38);山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(2023CYJSTX02-18);农业基础性长期性科技工作植物保护监测项目(NAES-PP-017)。

摘　　要：蚜虫作为小麦的主要害虫之一,其侵染和破坏行为显著影响了小麦的品质和产量。蚜虫与共生微生物或其他真菌病原体的相互作用,进一步加剧了对小麦的危害。尽管传统的化学防治或单基因抗虫品种能在短期内控制蚜虫种群,但长期使用会导致害虫产生抗性,防治效果逐渐减弱。因此,寻找经济高效、环境友好的蚜虫管理策略以减轻蚜虫对小麦生产的破坏已成为小麦种植领域的研究热点。近年来,众多研究集中在小麦与蚜虫的相互作用上,为开发新型蚜虫防治技术提供了理论支持。文章一方面综述了小麦蚜虫防治的最新研究进展,包括生态调控如小麦和其他农作物间作增加麦田生物多样性,生物防治如利用植物提取物、昆虫病原真菌和土壤微生物防治蚜虫,RNA干扰如植物介导的RNAi技术,以及面临的挑战;另一方面综述了小麦抗蚜性最新研究进展,包括挖掘小麦抗蚜基因、选育小麦抗蚜品种以及分子育种技术如分子标记技术在选育小麦抗蚜品种中的应用。大量研究表明,种植小麦抗蚜品种与其他农业管理措施相互配合是目前最有潜力的蚜虫综合防治策略。Aphids,as one of the main pests of wheat,significantly affect the quality and yield of wheat through their infection and destructive behavior.The interaction between aphids and symbiotic microorganisms or other fungal pathogens further exacerbates the harm to wheat.Although traditional chemical control or single gene insect resistant varieties can control aphid populations in the short term,long-term use leads to pest resistance and gradually weakens the control effect.Therefore,it has become a research hotspot to the search for economically efficient and environmentally friendly aphid management strategies to reduce the damage of aphids to wheat production in the field of wheat cultivation.In recent years,numerous studies have focused on the interaction between wheat and aphids,providing theoretical support for the development of new aphid control technologies.In this article,on the one hand,the latest research progress in the prevention and control of wheat aphids was summarized,including ecological regulation,such as intercropping wheat with other crops to increase wheat field biodiversity;biological control,such as using plant extracts,insect pathogenic fungi,and soil microorganisms to control aphids;RNA interference,such as plant mediated RNAi technology;and the challenges faced.On the other hand,the latest research progress on wheat aphid resistance was also reviewed,including the exploration of wheat aphid resistance genes,breeding for wheat aphid resistant varieties,and the application of molecular breeding techniques such as molecular marker technology in breeding for wheat aphid resistant varieties.Numerous studies have shown that planting wheat varieties resistant to aphids in conjunction with other agricultural management measures is currently the most promising comprehensive aphid control strategy.

关 键 词：麦蚜虫 生态调控 生物防治 RNA干扰 抗蚜基因 抗蚜品种 分子育种技术 

分 类 号：S435.122.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]