抗白粉病小偃麦1St异附加系的分子细胞遗传学鉴定  

Molecular Cytogenetic Identification of Wheat-Thinopyrum ponticum 1St Disomic Addition Line with Powdery Mildew Resistance

作　　者：刘宝磊 房方 杨国堂 李兴锋[1] 于海涛[2] 鲍印广[1] LIU Baolei;FANG Fang;YANG Guotang;LI Xingfeng;YU Haitao;BAO Yinguang(College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University/National Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding,Taian 271018,China;Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Weifang 261071,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/小麦育种全国重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]潍坊市农业科学院,山东潍坊261071

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2025年第2期67-74,共8页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)(2021LZGC009)。

摘　　要：白粉病是小麦最主要的病害之一,严重威胁小麦产量。挖掘新的抗病基因、创制并利用新的抗病种质,是提高小麦抗病性的有效途径。十倍体长穗偃麦草蕴含丰富的优良基因,是小麦遗传改良的宝贵基因库。对抗白粉病八倍体小偃麦SNTE20与普通小麦杂交选育出的小偃麦新种质SN21147白粉病抗性进行鉴定,结果显示,SN21147在苗期表现免疫,成株期表现高抗;GISH-FISH鉴定发现,SN21147在42条小麦染色体的基础上,附加了1对长穗偃麦草染色体,且在其形成过程中,6A、7A、7B、1D、2D和7D等染色体发生了明显的结构变异。利用内含子靶向(IT)分子标记对SN21147及其亲本进行扩增,获得12个外源特异标记,其中6个来自拟鹅观草St基因组的第1部分同源群。因此,SN21147为附加了1对长穗偃麦草1St染色体的双体异附加系;此外,SN21147的植株较矮(56.7 cm),与普通小麦亲本SN637相比,分蘖数和每穗粒数分别增加44.4%和4.3%。综上,SN21147可作为抗白粉病新种质应用于小麦遗传改良。Wheat powdery mildew,causing serious yield loss of wheat,is one of the major diseases in wheat-planting areas around the world.Mining new disease-resistant genes,creating and utilizing new disease-resistant germplasms are considered to be the most effective ways to improve the disease resistance of wheat.Thinopyrum ponticum carries many useful genes and serves as a valuable gene bank for wheat genetic improvement.In the present study,new Trititrigia germplasm SN21147 was developed by crossing wheat-Th.ponticum octoploid SNTE20 with common wheat.Disease evaluation showed that SN21147 was immune and high resistant to powdery mildew at the seedling and adult stage,respectively.Sequential GISH-FISH found that SN21147 had 42 wheat chromosomes plus a pair of Th.ponticum chromosomes.Furthermore,chromosome structural variations were also detected on the wheat chromosomes 6A,7A,7B,1D,2D,and 7D.Using IT(Intron Targeting)marker,twelve exogenous specific markers were obtained,six of which belonged to the St genome and homoeologous group one of Pseudoroegneria spicata.These results suggested that SN21147 was 1St disomic alien addition line.Besides,SN21147 had a lower plant height(56.7 cm),more tillers and grains per spike compared to its common wheat parent SN637,the two traits increased by 44.4%and 4.3%.Therefore,SN21147 could be utilized as a new germplasm with powdery mildew resistance in wheat genetic improvement.

关 键 词：长穗偃麦草 白粉病 原位杂交 分子标记 

分 类 号：S512.9[农业科学—作物学]