干旱和低氮胁迫对冬小麦产量、品质相关性状的影响  

Effects of Drought and Low Nitrogen on Yield and Quality Related Traits of Winter Wheat

作　　者：蔡明浩 赵杰 胡梦芸[1] 孙丽静[1] 王培楠 李倩影[1] 杨菁 张颖君[1] CAI Minghao;ZHAO Jie;HU Mengyun;SUN Lijing;WANG Peinan;LI Qianying;YANG Jing;ZHANG Yingjun(Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Provincial Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding,Shijiazhuang 050035,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所/河北省作物遗传育种实验室,河北石家庄050035

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2025年第2期113-123,共11页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1201003);河北省农林科学院科技创新专项(2023KJCXZX-LYS-20);国家自然科学基金联合基金(U22A6009);河北省现代农业产业技术体系(HBCT2023010201)。

摘　　要：为探究干旱和低氮胁迫对冬小麦产量和品质相关性状的影响,以510份小麦主栽品种(或优异品系)为材料,正常水肥(对照)、干旱和低氮条件下分别对千粒质量、粒宽、粒长、穗长、小穗数、株高、沉降值和湿面筋含量进行测定分析。结果显示,与正常水肥相比,干旱和低氮条件下小麦千粒质量均显著下降,干旱对千粒质量的影响最大;干旱对小麦粒宽、株高和小穗数影响较大,低氮对小麦株高和穗长影响较大。在干旱、低氮和正常水肥3个条件下,小麦千粒质量与粒宽、粒长的相关性均达到显著水平,粒宽对小麦千粒质量的贡献率大于粒长,粒长与粒宽之间相关性较弱或无相关性;小麦穗长与小穗数相关性较高,而小麦株高与穗长、小穗数之间相关性较低。干旱处理条件下小麦材料的沉降值高于正常水肥条件下,而低氮处理条件下小麦材料沉降值较正常水肥条件下显著降低。对于湿面筋含量,干旱处理条件下的小麦材料最高,正常水肥处理下的次之,低氮处理条件下最低。该研究筛选出多个产量或品质相关性状稳定且突出的品种(系)如德宏福6号、乐土909、山农055849等。综上,干旱和低氮条件下小麦产量性状均受到显著影响;干旱胁迫可以提高小麦品质,而低氮会降低小麦品质。To investigate the effects of drought and low nitrogen stress on the yield and quality related traits of winter wheat,in this study,510 wheat varieties(or lines)were used as materials.Under normal water and fertilizer(CK),drought,and low nitrogen conditions,thousand grain weight,grain width,grain length,spike length,spikelet number,plant height,sedimentation value,and wet gluten content were investigated and analyzed.The results showed that compared to normal water and fertilizer the thousand grain weight of wheat significantly decreased under both drought and low nitrogen conditions,with drought having the most significant impact on thousand grain weight.Drought had a significant impact on wheat grain width,plant height,and spikelet number,while low nitrogen had a significant impact on wheat plant height and spike length.Under normal water and fertilizer(CK),drought,and low nitrogen conditions,the correlation between wheat thousand grain weight and grain width and grain length reached a significant level,with grain width contributing more to wheat thousand grain weight than grain length.The correlation between grain length and grain width was weak or non-existent.The correlation between spike length and spikelet number was high,while the correlation between wheat plant height and spike length or spikelet number was low.The sedimentation value of wheat materials under drought treatment conditions was higher than that under normal water and fertilizer conditions,while the sedimentation value of materials under low nitrogen treatment was significantly reduced.Under drought conditions,the wet gluten content of wheat materials was also the highest,followed by that under normal water and fertilizer treatment,and the wet gluten content was the lowest under low nitrogen conditions.In this study,several varieties(lines)such as Dehongfu 6,Letu 909,and Shannong 055849 exhibiting stable and prominent yield or quality traits were screened out.Overall,wheat yield traits were significantly affected under drought and low nitrog

关 键 词：小麦 干旱 低氮 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]