播量对不同基因型冬小麦农艺性状及产量的影响  

Effects of Seeding Density on the Agronomic Characters and Yield of Different Genotypes of Winter Wheat Cultivars

作　　者：郑琪 孔丽婷 张旭辉 马强强 李雅洁 刘愈之 刘众 王亚翠 ZHENG Qi;KONG Liting;ZHANG Xuhui;MA Qiangqiang;LI Yajie;LIU Yuzhi;LIU Zhong;WANG Yacui(Pingliang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Pingliang 744000,China)

机构地区：[1]平凉市农业科学院,甘肃平凉744000

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2025年第2期151-158,共8页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：甘肃省技术创新引导计划(24CXNL009);平凉市重点研发计划(PL-STK-2024A-035);陇原青年创新创业人才项目(2025QNGR85);甘肃省青年科技基金(24JRRL001)。

摘　　要：以陇东旱地大面积推广的中麦175(矮秆小穗小粒型)、西平1号(高秆中间粒型)和普冰151(矮秆大穗大粒型)3个冬小麦品种为对象,研究播量对不同基因型小麦生育期、最高总茎数、有效穗数、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量、株高、旗叶面积等农艺性状以及产量的影响。结果表明,不同播量对不同基因型冬小麦的出苗期、抽穗期、成熟期和全生育期影响不明显,每个品种播量在405万粒/hm^(2)以上时,抽穗期晚1~2 d;基本苗、最高分蘖、有效穗和株高在不同基因型和播量处理之间的差异均达到极显著水平,旗叶面积在不同基因型之间达到显著水平。中麦175和西平1号旗叶面积随着播量的增加呈明显的降低趋势,而普冰151与之相反;但3个品种的株高均随播量的增加呈增高趋势,且差异达到极显著水平;不同播量对穗长和穗粒数影响比较明显,随着播量的增加,穗长变短,穗粒数减少,差异分别达到极显著和显著水平。不同基因型品种之间产量差异较大,达到极显著水平;同一品种不同播量处理之间产量差异不显著。综上所述,陇东旱地西平1号和中麦175的适宜播量为285万粒/hm^(2),产量分别可达到5 083.80、4 890.15 kg/hm^(2);普冰151适宜播量为225万粒/hm^(2),产量可达到5 426.25 kg/hm^(2)。In this study,three winter wheat cultivars,Zhongmai 175(short-stalk and small-spikelet type),Xiping 1(high-stalk and middle-spikelet type),and Pubing 151(short-stalk,large-spikelet,and large-grain type),which were widely promoted in dry land of eastern Gansu,were used as the research objects to study the effects of seeding density on the agronomic traits such as growth period,highest stem number,effective spikes,spikelet number,grain number per spike,1000-grain weight,plant height,and flag leaf area and yield of different genotypes of wheat.The results showed that the effects of different seeding density on the emergence stage,heading stage,maturity stage,and whole growth period of different genotypes of winter wheat were not obvious.When the seeding density of each cultivar was more than 4.05 million grains per hectare,the heading stage was 1-2 d later,the differences of basic seedlings,maximum tillers,effective spikes,and plant height among different genotypes and seeding density were extremely significant,and the flag leaf area reached a significant level among different genotypes.The flag leaf area of Zhongmai 175 and Xiping 1 decreased significantly with the increase of seeding density,while that of Pubing 151 increased with the increase of seeding density.The plant height of the three cultivars showed an increasing trend with the increase of seeding density,and the difference reached an extremely significant level.Different seedling densities had an obvious effect on spike length and grain number per spike,with the increase of seeding density,spike length became shorter and grain number per spike decreased,and the differences were extremely significant and significant,respectively.There was a significant difference in yield among different genotypes of cultivars and the difference reached an extremely significant level,there was no significant difference in yield among different seeding densities of the same cultivar.In conclusion,the yield of Xiping 1 and Zhongmai 175 in dry land of eastern Gansu reached 5

关 键 词：冬小麦 播量 农艺性状 旗叶面积 穗长 产量 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]