甜糯玉米诱导山西省小麦双单倍体育种技术的优化  

Optimization of Wheat Double Haploid Breeding Technology Induced by Sweet-Waxy Maize in Shanxi Province

作　　者：张红芳 向爱慧 郗敬伟 乔玲[1] ZHANG Hongfang;XIANG Aihui;XI Jingwei;QIAO Ling(Institute of Wheat,Shanxi Agricultural University,Linfen 041000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学小麦研究所,山西临汾041000

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2025年第2期159-165,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划(202102140601001-1);山西农业大学引进人才科研启动工程(2023BQ109)。

摘　　要：小麦、玉米远缘杂交极大地缩短了育种进程,是获得双单倍体植株的重要途径之一。研究通过培养基成分、培养条件和秋水仙素加倍试验比较获得适合山西省玉米诱导小麦单倍体产生的技术体系,并筛选出具有优异性状的品系。结果表明,每年1月15—22日将甜糯玉米品种白甜糯种植在温室可以与大田小麦临汾5064和晋麦84杂交的F1花期相遇;将去雄授粉后24 h的小麦杂交穗,离体培养在磷酸二氢钾3 g/L+亚硫酸8 mL/L+硝酸银10 mg/L+2,4-D 100 mg/L+蔗糖40 g/L培养液中,14 d后剥胚培养,得胚率达到34.08%;将胚培养在添加了0.1 mg/L 2,4-D和0.2 mg/L 6-BA激素的1/2 MS培养基中,幼胚快速萌动生长,幼苗粗状根数较多,萌发率(84.36%)及成苗率(72.04%)都达到最高。将单倍体植株用500 mg/L的秋水仙素处理5 h,并持续通气的幼苗成活率和加倍率均最高,分别为79.52%和55.42%。最终得到155个DH系,从中鉴定出8个含有优质亚基、农艺性状优良的小麦品系,可应用于山西省小麦遗传育种的实际工作中。Wheat-maize distant hybrid technique is one of the important way to produce double haploid plants,which can shorten the breeding process.In this study,by comparing culture medium composition,culture conditions,and colchicine doubling experiments,an optimal technical system for maize induced wheat haploid production in Shanxi was obtained,and lines with excellent traits were select.The results showed that white sweet-waxy maize was planted in the greenhouse from January 15th to 22nd,coinciding with the flowering period of the wheat F1 generation of Linfen 5064×Jinmai 84 in the field.The wheat hybrid spikes 24 hours of post-emasculation were cultured in a medium containing 3 g/L of KH2PO4+8 mL/L of H2SO3+10 mg/L of AgNO3+100 mg/L of 2,4-D+40 g/L of sucrose for 14 days.The embryo rate reached 34.08%.Then the embryos were transferred to 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L of 2,4-D and 0.2 mg/L of 6-BA,resulting in rapid germination and growth of young embryos,and a higher number of thick roots,with the highest germination rate(84.36%)and seedling survival rate(72.04%).The haploid plants were treated with 500 mg/L of colchicine for 5 hours with aeration,resulting in the highest survival rate and doubling rate of 79.52%and 55.42%,respectively.Ultimately,155 DH lines were obtained,from which 8 lines with high-quality subunits and excellent agronomic traits were identified and the lines could be applied to the practical work of wheat genetic breeding.

关 键 词：小麦 玉米 远缘杂交 双单倍体 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]