女子足球运动员内外负荷特征及比赛因素对其影响  

Relationship Between Internal Load and External Load in Female Football Players and Match-related Contextual Effects

作　　者：李男[1] 檀志宗[1] 于天贺 LI Nan;TAN Zhizong;YU Tianhe(Shanghai Research Institute of Sport Science&Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency,Shanghai 200030,China;School of Physical Education,Shanghai Sport University,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育科学研究所(上海市反兴奋剂中心),上海200030 [2]上海体育大学体育教育训练学院,上海200438

出　　处：《体育科研》2025年第2期53-57,共5页Sport Science Research

基　　金：上海市体育局课题(21J003)。

摘　　要：目的:比较正规女足比赛中,运动员的内外负荷特征比赛对手、比赛胜负对其影响。方法:记录2021赛季22名专业女子足球运动员所有正式比赛中运动员的内部负荷和外部负荷。在比赛中,使用结合加速度感应器的GPS设备记录运动员外部负荷,通过记录心率获得其运动冲量(TRIMP)值,并计算运动员内部课次主观感觉疲劳(sRPE)。总距离、高速跑动距离、冲刺距离、加减速次数、左右变向次数、运动员负荷TM作为外部负荷指标。对内外负荷进行相关性分析;不同比赛对手和结果的内外负荷采用单因素方差分析。结果:总距离与RPE存在中等相关(r=0.412,P<0.01),总距离与sPRE(r=0.805,P<0.01)、TRIMP(r=0.804,P<0.01)存在强相关;加减速次数与sRPE(r=0.465,P<0.01)、TRIMP(r=0.463,P<0.01)存在中等程度相关;运动员左右变向次数与TRIMP存在中等程度相关(r=0.435,P<0.01);运动员负荷TM与sRPE存在中等相关(r=0.697,P<0.01),与TRIMP存在强相关(r=0.754,P<0.01)。二档对手比赛的RPE、sRPE显著低于一档(P<0.05):负于对手时,加减速次数显著高于胜利和平局时(P<0.05)。结论:sRPE与总距离、TRIMP存在强相关。RPE受到对手水平的影响。负于对手时加减速次数增加。建议联合使用内部负荷和外部负荷评价运动员的运动负荷。The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a correlation between internal load and external load and to examine their effects on match opponents and match results in formal women's football matches.Methods:The internal and external loads of twenty-two professional female football players during all official matches in the 2021 season were recorded.During the matches,the players wore GPS with accelerometers to track their external load.TRIMP was calculated by their heart rate,sRPE was calculated to examine their internal load.Total distance,distance covered at high speed zone,acceleration distance,times of acceleration and deceleration,and times of turn left and turn right and PlayerLoadTM were collected as external load during the match by GPS systems.The correlation analysis on internal and external loads were conducted;the internal and external loads of different match opponent and results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA.Result:There were moderate correlations between total distance and RPE(r=0.412,P<0.01).Total distance showed a strong correlation with both sRPE and TRIMP(r=0.805,P<0.01)(r=0.804,P<0.01).There were moderate correlations between times of acceleration and decerleration and sRPE(r=0.465,P<0.01),TRIMP(r=0.463,P<0.01).There were moderate relationship between TRIMP and times of turn left and right(r=0.435,P<0.01).There were moderate correlations between sRPE and PlayerLoadTM(r=0.697,P<0.01),but strong relationship between TRIMP and PlayerLoadTM(r=0.754,P<0.01).RPE and sRPE for matches against second-tier group was lower than with first-tier group(P<0.05).Times of acceleration and deceleration was higher when lose(P<0.05).Conclusion:sRPE were strongly correlated with total distance and TRIMP.RPE was affected by different opponent level.Times of acceleration and deceleration was higher when lose the game.This study suggests internal and external load work together to evaluate players'work load.

关 键 词：自感觉量表 运动员负荷TM 内部负荷 外部负荷 

分 类 号：G804[文化科学—运动人体科学]