孕期重金属暴露对子代神经发育影响的研究进展  

Research progress on effect of prenatal heavy metal exposure on offspring neurodevelopment

作　　者：程红 杨晓波[1] Cheng Hong;Yang Xiaobo(School of Public Health,Guangxi Medical University,Nanning 530021,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西医科大学公共卫生学院,广西南宁530021

出　　处：《生物医学转化》2025年第1期50-57,共8页Biomedical Transformation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U22A20404,82073504,82404313,82160604);中国博士后科学基金项目(2024MD763950,GZC20230582)。

摘　　要：重金属作为主要的环境污染物,通过多种途径进入妊娠母体并穿过胎盘屏障,进而引发子代的毒性效应。孕期重金属暴露不仅通过影响母体健康间接影响胎儿神经发育,还能穿透血脑屏障对胎儿神经系统产生直接损害,从而导致出生后神经行为和认知功能异常,并增加多种神经系统疾病的发病风险。其机制主要包括神经细胞的氧化损伤、兴奋性毒性、钙离子失衡、线粒体功能障碍,以及表观遗传改变等。本文梳理了孕期铅、镉、汞、砷和锰等重金属暴露对子代神经发育的影响及潜在机制,以期为流行病学研究和实验研究提供部分参考依据。As major environmental pollutants,heavy metals can enter the maternal body through various pathways during pregnancy,cross the placental barrier,and subsequently induce toxic effects in offspring.Prenatal heavy metal exposure not only indirectly impairs fetal neurodevelopment by compromising maternal health,but also directly damages the fetal nervous system by crossing the blood-brain barrier.This can lead to neurobehavioral and cognitive impairments after birth and increase the risk of various neurological disorders.The underlying mechanisms primarily include oxidative damage,excitotoxicity,calcium ion imbalance,mitochondrial dysfunction,and epigenetic modifications.This review summarizes the effects of prenatal exposure to heavy metals,including lead,cadmium,mercury,arsenic,and manganese,on offspring neurodevelopment,and explores the underlying mechanisms,aiming to provide a reference for epidemiological and experimental research.

关 键 词：重金属暴露 孕期暴露 子代 神经发育 

分 类 号：R114[医药卫生—卫生毒理学]