天山北坡玛纳斯河流域土壤有机碳分布特征与影响因素  

Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil organic carbon in the Manas River Basin on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain

作　　者：王健祺 李发东 李俊峰[1] 王宁[2] 乔云峰[2,3] 李兆[2] 刘洪光 杨广 何新林[1] WANG Jianqi;LI Fadong;LI Junfeng;WANG Ning;QIAO Yunfeng;LI Zhao;LIU Hongguang;YANG Guang;HE Xinlin(College of Water Conservancy&Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,石河子832000 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100190

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报(中英文)》2025年第3期449-461,共13页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk0804);国家自然科学基金项目(U180320005);新疆生产建设兵团科技计划项目(2024BA004)资助。

摘　　要：土壤碳库在陆地生态系统中发挥着重要作用,对于调节大气CO_(2)浓度和维持全球碳平衡具有重要意义。土壤有机碳是土壤碳库的最重要组成部分,是生态系统中重要的土壤质量指标。本研究以新疆天山北坡玛纳斯河流域为研究区,探究典型地貌土壤有机碳的空间分布特征及其主要影响因素。结果表明,研究区土壤有机碳含量空间分布呈由南向北递减趋势,表现为山区(17.34 g·kg^(−1))>山前(11.57 g·kg^(−1))>平原绿洲(10.22 g·kg^(−1))>荒漠(6.69 g·kg^(−1));垂直分布上随土壤深度增加持续降低,从16.08 g·kg^(−1)(0~5 cm)降低至7.91 g·kg^(−1)(40~60 cm)。Pearson相关性分析表明,土壤有机碳与海拔、总氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾呈显著正相关(P<0.001),与pH和容重呈显著负相关(P<0.001)。结构方程模型路径分析表明,海拔、总氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、pH、容重和含水量直接影响土壤有机碳含量;海拔和pH均通过影响总氮和碱解氮间接影响土壤有机碳含量,含水量通过影响容重间接影响土壤有机碳含量。本研究综合分析了研究区不同地形气候、地貌和土壤理化性质对有机碳含量分布的影响,可为干旱和半干旱地区碳平衡的相关生态和环境管理提供重要理论依据。Soil carbon pools are important in terrestrial ecosystems because they regulate atmospheric CO2 concentrations and maintain the global carbon balance.Soil organic carbon is the most important component of the soil carbon pool and an indicator of soil quality in ecosystems.This study considered the Manas River Basin on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang as the research area to explore the spatial and vertical distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon in typical land-use types and the main influencing factors of spatial distribution.The results showed that the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon content showed a decreasing trend from south to north,manifesting as mountainous area(17.34 g·kg^(−1))>mountain front(11.57 g·kg^(−1))>plain oasis(10.22 g·kg^(−1))>desert(6.69 g·kg^(−1));the vertical distribution continued to decrease with the increase of soil depth,decreasing from 16.08 g·kg^(−1)(0−5 cm)to 7.91 g·kg^(−1)(40−60 cm).Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that soil organic carbon was significantly positively correlated(P<0.001)with elevation,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium and significantly negatively correlated(P<0.001)with pH and bulk density.Structural equation model path analysis showed that altitude,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,pH,bulk density,and water content directly affected soil organic carbon content.Altitude,pH indirectly affected soil organic carbon content through affecting total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,while water content indirectly affected soil organic carbon content by affecting bulk density.The spatial distribution pattern of organic carbon in soil samples from the Manas River Basin was mainly influenced by environmental factors,such as temperature and precipitation.It showed the same spatial gradient changes with altitude.The fertile soil and cold and humid climate in mountainous areas are conducive to ma

关 键 词：天山北坡 玛纳斯河流域 土壤有机碳 土壤理化特征 环境因素 地貌类型 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]