机构地区:[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京100081
出 处:《中国生态农业学报(中英文)》2025年第3期508-519,共12页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基 金:国家自然科学基金项目(32272218);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ZDRW202407,01-ICS-20);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项项目(CARS-22)资助。
摘 要:气候变化导致极端天气频发,严重影响作物可持续生产。解析不同种植模式下作物产量和农田温室气体排放特征,可为黄淮海地区构建作物丰产和低碳排放的气候韧性种植模式提供理论依据。本研究于2015-2020年在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所新乡试验基地开展,设置5种不同种植模式,分别为单季冬小麦(W)、单季夏大豆(S)、单季夏玉米(M)、冬小麦-夏大豆一年两熟(W-S)和冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟(W-M)。结果表明:W-M模式周年玉米当量产量、能量产量和经济效益均显著高于W、S、M和W-S模式;W-S模式的N_(2)O累积排放量、直接温室气体排放量和单位播种面积碳足迹分别比W-M模式降低10.7%、11.1%和4.7%;3种作物的氮素积累量表现为大豆>小麦>玉米,玉米的氮肥偏生产力最高。综上,冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟模式可获得最高的作物产量、能量产量和经济效益,在以产量和经济效益为目标的作物生产中,冬小麦-夏玉米模式是较好的种植模式,但其温室气体排放也最高,后续应深入研究该种植模式的碳减排技术,以达到丰产和低碳排放协同。Climate change has increasingly triggered extreme weather events,leading to significant adverse effects on crop production and posing challenges to the sustainability of agricultural systems.This study investigated the effects of different cropping systems on crop yields and greenhouse gases(GHG)emissions in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region to provide a scientific basis for constructing climate-resilient,high-yield,and low-carbon cropping systems in this region.The field experiments were conducted between 2015 and 2020 at the Xinxiang Experimental Base of the Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Five distinct cropping systems were established:single-cropping system of winter wheat(W),single-cropping system of summer maize(M),single-cropping system of summer soybean(S),double-cropping system of winter wheat-summer soybean(W-S),and double cropping system of winter wheat-summer maize(W-M).This study comprehensively analyzed crop yield under the five cropping systems over six years and calculated the output value and economic benefit associated with each system.Additionally,from 2017 to 2019,we monitored soil GHG emissions,measured crop nitrogen accumulation,and calculated the partial factor productivity of nitrogen.The carbon footprint of each cropping system was assessed.The results revealed that the W-M cropping system consistently outperformed the other systems regarding annual maize equivalent yield,energy output,and economic benefit.This system demonstrated superior productivity,making it a highly effective system for achieving high yield and maximizing economic return.However,the W-M cropping system also exhibited the highest GHG emissions,indicating a potential trade-off between yield and environmental sustainability.In contrast,the W-S cropping system reduced cumulative N_(2)O emissions,direct GHG emissions,andcarbon footprint per unit sown area by 10.7%,11.1%,and 4.7%,respectively,compared with the W-M cropping system.This reduction highlighted the GHG mitigation potential of the W-S
分 类 号:S344[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]
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