礼乐文化与中国传统美学  

Ritual and Music Culture and Chinese Traditional Aesthetics

作　　者：郭勇健[1] Guo Yongjian

机构地区：[1]厦门大学中文系,厦门361005

出　　处：《华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期109-120,181,共13页Journal of East China Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：中国传统美学渊源于礼乐文化。礼乐文化使中国美学表现为体道美学、士人美学、修身美学。道是对礼乐文化的解释和发挥,士是从礼崩乐坏的社会境况中诞生的知识分子,修身是礼乐文化的题中应有之义。体道型美学区别于西方的求知型美学。西方美学重在理解/认知,中国美学重在体验/感悟。体道美学主要表现为儒家的“文以载道”和道家的“道艺合一”。士“志于道”,并以道与“势”相抗衡,以此见出士人精神或士人风骨。士人美学不同于西方的精英美学,是一种体现士人精神、彰显士人风骨的美学。中国美学特别重视“品”,可能源于士人精神的潜移默化。中国士人强大的修身传统,使得中国传统美学也成为修身美学。修身哲学的“境界和工夫”这对概念,也是中国传统美学的核心概念。先修身再从艺,这是中国美学的基本精神。体道美学、士人美学和修身美学三者是合而为一的,若要强行区分,那么可以说,体道需妙悟、讲境界,士人重风骨、格调和品位,修身靠工夫、常养气;悟、境界、风骨、格调、品、工夫、气,因而成了中国传统美学的关键词。Chinese traditional aesthetics is rooted in ritual and music culture,which makes Chinese aesthetics manifest itself as the aesthetics of embodying the Dao,the aesthetics of literati,and the aesthetics of cultivation.The Dao is the interpretation and development of the ritual and music culture,and literati are intellectuals born from the social situation of the collapse of the ritual and music,and the cultivation of one’s character is essential to the ritual and music culture.The aesthetics of embodying the Dao is different from the aesthetics of knowledge in the West.Western aesthetics focuses on understanding/cognition,whereas Chinese aesthetics emphasizes experience/sensation.The aesthetics of embodying the Dao is mainly manifested in the“writings as the vehicle of the Dao”in Confucianism and the“unity of the Dao and art”in Daoism.Literati“aspire to the Dao”and use the Dao to fight against“power”,thus demonstrating the spirit and strength of character of literati.The aesthetics of literati differs from the Western aesthetics of the elites,embodying the spirit of literati and revealing their strength of character.Chinese aesthetics places special emphasis on“taste”,which is probably due to the implicit influence of the spirit of literati.The strong cultivation tradition among Chinese literati has also made Chinese traditional aesthetics synonymous with the aesthetics of cultivation.The concepts of“jingjie(realm)and gongfu(effort)”in the philosophy of cultivation are also core concepts in traditional Chinese aesthetics.Cultivating oneself before practicing art is the basic spirit of Chinese aesthetics.The aesthetics of embodying the Dao,the aesthetics of literati,and the aesthetics of cultivation are integrated into one cohesive whole.Nevertheless,if we have to make a distinction,then we might say that the first one demands sudden enlightenment and highlights jingjie,the second one emphasizes the strength of character,style and taste,and the third one relies on the effort to cultivate qi

关 键 词：礼乐文化 中国美学 体道美学 士人美学 修身美学 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]