露天煤矿排土场重金属污染情况及其影响因子  

Factors influencing heavy metal pollution in open-pit coal mine dumps

作　　者：牛海 华宇鹏 马丽杰 张硕 管瑞杨 盛敏[4] 段文艳 NIU Hai;HUA Yupeng;MA Lijie;ZHANG Shuo;GUAN Ruiyang;SHENG Min;DUAN Wenyan(Ordos Flood and Drought Disaster Prevention Technology Center,Ordos,Inner Mongolia 017010,China;Ordos Institute of Technology,Ordos,Inner Mongolia 017010,China;Ordos Vacational College of Eco-Environment,Ordos,Inner Mongolia 017010,China;College of Forestry,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]鄂尔多斯市水旱灾害防御技术中心,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017010 [2]鄂尔多斯应用技术学院,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017010 [3]鄂尔多斯生态环境职业学院,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017010 [4]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《华东师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期106-120,共15页Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：鄂尔多斯市科技重大专项和科技计划项目(2019ZD065);鄂尔多斯市应用技术研究与开发项目。

摘　　要：为探明露天煤矿排土场重金属污染情况及其影响因子,以内蒙古鄂尔多斯市石圪台和黑岱沟两座露天煤矿的排土场作为研究对象,分析了各排土场东、西、南、北、东北、西北、东南和西南8个方位的土壤理化性质、土壤结构、重金属污染情况(采用单因子评价指数进行评估)及其相互关系,为因地制宜地选择矿区生态修复方案提供了指导.分析结果表明:①土壤理化性质、土壤结构及重金属污染情况在石圪台和黑岱沟矿区间差异显著;②石圪台土壤全磷和黑岱沟土壤全钾在不同方位间差异显著;③石圪台的Cd为重污染,Mn为微污染;黑岱沟的Cd为重污染,Cu和Ni为微污染;④石圪台Cd的污染程度在不同方位间差异显著,而Mn的污染程度与方位无关;黑岱沟Ni的污染程度在不同方位间差异显著,而Cd和Cu的污染程度与方位无关;⑤石圪台Cd和黑岱沟Ni的污染程度在不同方位间的变化趋势与其地势的变化基本一致,即地势越低重金属污染越重;⑥相关分析结果表明,重金属污染程度与土壤pH、全钾含量和大粒径土壤颗粒占比关系密切.综上,不同矿区排土场的重金属污染程度不同,其主要原因与排土场地势、土壤肥力水平和土壤结构有关.In this study,two open-pit coal mine dumps in Ordos City,Inner Mongolia,namely,Shigetai and Heidaigou,were selected as research subjects.Soil physicochemical properties,structure,heavy metal pollution(assessed using a single-factor evaluation index),and their interrelationships were analyzed at each dumping site along eight directions:east,west,south,north,northeast,northwest,southeast,and southwest.The aim of this study was to elucidate the factors influencing heavy metal contamination in open-pit coal mine dumps.The results of this study can guide the selection of ecological remediation measures for mining areas based on local conditions.The results showed that:(1)There were considerable differences in soil physicochemical properties,structure,and heavy metal contamination between the Shigetai and Heidaigou mining areas.(2)Soil total phosphorus varied considerably among the different orientations in Shigetai,whereas there was a considerable difference in soil total potassium among the different orientations in Heidaigou.(3)Heavy Cd pollution was observed,and there was slight Mn pollution in Shigetai.In Heidaigou,there was heavy Cd pollution and slight Cu and Ni pollution.(4)While there was a considerable difference in the level of Cd pollution along the different directions in Shigetai,the level of Mn pollution showed no correlation with direction.There was a considerable difference in Ni pollution levels among the different orientations in Heidaigou,whereas Cd and Cu pollution levels were not related to orientation.(5)The trends in the Cd pollution levels in Shigetai and Ni in Heidaigou along the different directions were generally consistent with the changes in their topography.In other words,areas with lower topography experienced more severe heavy metal pollution.(6)Correlation analysis revealed that the level of heavy metal contamination was strongly associated with soil pH,total K content,and the proportion of large-sized soil particles.In conclusion,varying levels of heavy metal pollution were observed i

关 键 词：矿区排土场 土壤理化性质 土壤结构 土壤重金属污染 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]