俄乌冲突背景下欧盟能源资源战略分析  

Analysis of energy and mineral resources strategy of European Union in the background of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict

作　　者：邢佳韵 陈其慎[1] 张艳飞[1] 龙涛[1] 郑国栋[1] 王琨[1] 任鑫 张晔 XING Jiayun;CHEN Qishen;ZHANG Yanfei;LONG Tao;ZHENG Guodong;WANG Kun;REN Xin;ZHANG Ye(Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,北京100037

出　　处：《中国矿业》2025年第3期1-8,共8页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：深地国家科技重大专项项目“战略性矿产资源综合评价”资助(编号:2024ZD1002000);中国地质调查局地质调查项目“矿产资源国情调查与潜力动态评价”资助(编号:DD20230040);中国工程院项目“战略性矿产资源安全保障战略研究”资助(编号:2022-XBZD-05-08);中国地质科学院基本科研业务费项目资助(编号:JKYQN202330)。

摘　　要：俄乌冲突对欧盟能源资源供应链体系的破坏和重构是当今世界能源资源大变局的生动缩影。梳理俄乌冲突前后欧盟能源资源供应链状况,分析欧盟能源资源战略调整应对情况,对于深刻理解全球能源资源供需趋势,提升各国能源资源管理具有重要启示意义。研究认为:①俄乌冲突暴露了欧盟能源资源供应链的脆弱性,大量依赖进口且高度依赖俄罗斯使得欧盟能源资源供应在俄乌冲突期间受到严重冲击;②俄乌冲突期间,欧盟能源资源供应链体系被迫重构,能源方面,美国替代俄罗斯成为欧盟第一大化石能源进口国,矿产资源方面,欧盟强化与加拿大、巴西等伙伴关系国在铁、铝、镍、钾盐等的贸易合作以替代俄罗斯进口份额;③欧盟为缓解能源资源危机出台了系统政策,调整能源资源战略,通过推动加强本土能源资源勘查开发和循环利用、推动海外进口来源多元化、设立战略性原材料供给底线、强化全产业链供应能力、开展供应风险监测和压力测试等手段,系统保障能源资源安全。对各国能源资源管理启发主要体现在四个方面:一是推动化石能源和新能源相结合的多元供给结构;二是从勘查-开发-冶炼加工-二次回收全产业链条角度着手,强化供应能力;三是加强海外合作,推动能源资源供给多元化;四是提升内部能源资源市场灵活性,关键时刻对冲价格的大幅波动。The destruction and reconstruction of the supply chain system of energy and mineral resources of EU caused by the Russia-Ukraine Conflict is a vivid microcosm of the profound changes in energy and mineral resources in the world today.Combing the situation of the supply chain of energy and mineral resources in EU before and after the Russia-Ukraine Conflict and analyzing the adjustment response situation of the energy and mineral resources strategy of EU is important to understand the global supply and demand trend of energy and mineral resources and improve the management abilities of various countries.The study holds the following views:①the Russia-Ukraine Conflict has exposed the vulnerability of the supply chain of energy and mineral resources of EU.The heavy import reliance and the high dependence on Russia have led to a severe impact on the supply of energy and mineral resources of EU.②The supply chain of energy and mineral resources of EU has been forced to restructure.In terms of energy,the United States has replaced Russia as the largest importer of fossil energy to EU.In terms of mineral resources,the EU has strengthened minerals resources cooperation with partner countries such as Canada and Brazil in iron,aluminum,nickel,potash,etc.③In order to alleviate the energy crisis,EU has introduced a systematic policies and adjusted its energy and mineral resources strategy such as promoting domestic exploration and recycling of energy and mineral resources,diversifying overseas import sources,setting a bottom line for the supply of strategic raw materials,strengthening the supply capacity of the entire industrial chain and conducting supply risk monitoring and stress tests.The enlightenment for other countries is mainly reflected in four aspects.Firstly,to promote a diversified supply structure that combines fossil energy and new energy.Secondly,to strengthen the supply capacity of the entire industrial chain,including exploration,development,smelting and processing,and secondary recycling.Thirdly,to enh

关 键 词：俄乌冲突 能源资源 供应链 战略分析 欧盟 

分 类 号：TD-9[矿业工程] F407.2[经济管理—产业经济] F416.2