特厚煤层含夹矸顶煤综放覆岩移动规律试验研究  

Experimental study on overlying strata migration law in fully mechanized top coal caving mining of extra-thick coal seam with interburden

作　　者：张磊[1,2,3] 王蒙 任玉琦 王佳源 易蔚勋 ZHANG Lei;WANG Meng;REN Yuqi;WANG Jiayuan;YI Weixun(School of Coal Engineering,Shanxi Datong University,Datong 037003,China;The Cultivation Base of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Water Jet Technology and Equipment Shanxi Datong University,Datong 037003,China;Shanxi Provincial Mining Area Geological Environment Monitoring and Emergency Disaster Reduction Technology Innovation Center,Shanxi Datong University,Datong 037003,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大同大学煤炭工程学院,山西大同037003 [2]煤矿水射流技术与装备厅市共建山西省重点实验室培育基地,山西大同037003 [3]山西省矿区地质环境监测与应急减灾技术创新中心,山西大同037003

出　　处：《中国矿业》2025年第3期125-133,共9页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：2024年大同市科技计划重点研发(高新技术领域)项目资助(编号:2024008);山西省2024年度研究生实践创新项目资助(编号:2024SJ377);山西大同大学2024年度研究生实践创新项目资助(编号:2024SJCX03)。

摘　　要：针对大同矿区特厚煤层综放开采时,夹矸分布不均、顶煤夹矸强度较大等引起的顶煤冒放块度大、顶煤冒放性差的问题,以大同矿区塔山矿8230工作面3-5#特厚煤层赋存条件作为背景,采用相似模拟与理论分析的方法,对特厚煤层含夹矸顶煤综放开采夹矸与顶板破断对覆岩移动规律展开了研究。研究结果表明,当综放工作面推进至64m与92m时,直接顶与基本顶依次发生初次来压;直接顶与基本顶初次来压时的支承压力峰值分别达到940.51MPa和1027.86MPa,来压结束后,支承压力瞬间下降至最低点,分别为626.81MPa和702.96MPa。同时,含夹矸顶煤在放煤期间,由于夹矸强度较大易形成“短悬臂梁”结构,会发生与直接顶或基本顶相类似的周期破断从而带动直接顶与基本顶的同步破断,造成局部来压显现剧烈的现象,极大地影响了工作面的开采安全与生产效率。顶煤夹矸形成的“短悬臂梁”结构的周期性破断,导致直接顶、基本顶形成的“悬臂梁”结构的长度依次增加,造成直接顶、基本顶周期同步来压。此外,顶煤夹矸越靠近顶煤且夹矸层越厚越容易产生“短悬臂梁”结构,“短悬臂梁”极限破断长度与岩性、夹矸层厚度成正比,与“短悬臂梁”结构上部煤层煤厚成反比。研究结果为与塔山矿类似的煤层赋存条件的矿井,以及其他煤层赋存条件的矿区提供部分理论依据。In response to the issues of large block size and poor caving performance of top coal caused by uneven distribution of interburden and high strength of interburden in top coal during fully mechanized top coal caving(FMTC)mining of extra-thick coal seams in Datong mining area,this paper takes the geological conditions of the 3-5#extra-thick coal seam in Panel 8230 of Tashan Mine as the background.Using similarity simulation and theoretical analysis methods,the study investigates the influence of interburden and roof breakage on the overlying strata migration law during FMTC mining of extra-thick coal seams with interburden.The research results show that when the working face advances to 64 m and 92 m,the immediate roof and main roof experience their first weighting,respectively.The peak abutment pressure during the first weighting of the immediate roof and main roof reaches 940.51 MPa and 1027.86 MPa,respectively.After the weighting,the abutment pressure drops sharply to its lowest point,reaching 626.81 MPa and 702.96 MPa,respectively.Meanwhile,during the coal caving process,the high-strength interburden in the top coal tends to form a“short cantilever beam”structure,which undergoes periodic breakage similar to that of the immediate roof or main roof.This leads to synchronous breakage of the immediate roof and main roof,resulting in intense local weighting phenomena,significantly affecting the safety and production efficiency of the working face.The periodic breakage of the“short cantilever beam”structure formed by the interburden in the top coal causes the lengths of the“cantilever beam”structures formed by the immediate roof and main roof to increase sequentially,leading to periodic synchronous weighting of the immediate roof and main roof.Additionally,the closer the interburden is to the top coal and the thicker the interburden layer,the more likely it is to form a“short cantilever beam”structure.The ultimate breakage length of the“short cantilever beam”is directly proportional to the rock p

关 键 词：含夹矸特厚煤层 综放开采 相似模拟实验 顶煤运移规律 短悬臂梁 

分 类 号：TD325[矿业工程—矿井建设]