高速冲击下岩石劈裂力学特性及破坏特征分析  

Mechanical properties and failure characterization of rock splitting under high velocity impacts

作　　者：燕磐 赵光明[1,2] 许文松[1,2] 周俊 汪聪聪[1] 武新文 YAN Pan;ZHAO Guangming;XU Wensong;ZHOU Jun;WANG Congcong;WU Xinwen(School of Safety Science and Engineering,Anhui University of Science&Technology,Huainan 232001,China;Key Laboratory of Safe and Effective Coal Mining of Education,Anhui University of Science&Technology,Huainan 232001,China;China Coal Shanxi China Resources Liansheng Energy Investment Co.,Ltd.,Lyuliang 033000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学安全科学与工程学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]安徽理工大学煤矿安全高效开采省部共建教育部重点实验室,安徽淮南232001 [3]中煤山西华润联盛能源投资有限公司,山西吕梁033000

出　　处：《中国矿业》2025年第3期205-214,共10页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：煤炭安全精准开采国家地方联合工程研究中心开放基金项目资助(编号:EC2023020);国家重点研发计划项目资助(编号:2022YFF1303302);安徽省科技重大专项项目资助(编号:202203a07020011);高校协同创新项目资助(编号:GXXT-2021-075);安徽省“特支计划”领军人才项目资助(编号:T000508);安徽省高校优秀科研创新团队项目资助(编号:2022AH010053)。

摘　　要：为探究不同冲击荷载下砂岩的力学特性和破坏机理,利用分离式SHPB试验系统开展了不同冲击荷载下砂岩动态劈裂试验,分析砂岩的应力-应变曲线,阐述砂岩基本力学性质,并结合数字图像相关法(DIC),确定中间主应变场演化情况,探究砂岩的破坏模式,并对破碎岩块进行分型处理,分析了砂岩受拉伸破坏后的破碎程度。研究结果表明:砂岩的动态应力-应变曲线分为弹性变形阶段、塑性阶段和破坏阶段。砂岩的破坏模式是首先在初始受力处形成应力集中区,沿应力波方向贯穿试样,整体上发生拉伸破坏。原生裂纹始终参与破坏,随着载荷增加,加剧了原生裂纹在破坏中的作用,试样所受的动能也随之增大,使得试样内部积聚的应变能快速释放,造成原生裂隙发育更加彻底,与新生裂隙的相互连接、不断贯通作用更加显著,从而产生了明显的剪切破坏。基于分形理论,随着载荷的增加,砂岩的破碎程度也更为剧烈,当载荷进一步增加,砂岩的破碎程度逐渐趋于稳定。本文研究为学习岩石动态力学特征及应用提供一定的理论依据。In order to explore the mechanical properties and failure mechanism of sandstone under different impact loads,the dynamic splitting test of sandstone under different impact loads is carried out by using the separated SHPB test system.The stress-strain curve of sandstone is analyzed,and the basic mechanical properties of sandstone are expounded.Combined with the digital image correlation method(DIC),the evolution of the intermediate main strain field is determined,and the failure mode of sandstone is explored.The broken rock blocks are classified and the degree of fragmentation of sandstone after tensile failure is analyzed.The research shows that the dynamic stress-strain curve of sandstone is divided into elastic deformation stage,plastic stage and failure stage.The failure mode of sandstone is that the stress concentration zone is formed at the initial stress,and the specimen is penetrated along the direction of stress wave,and the tensile failure occurs as a whole.The primary crack always participates in the failure.As the load increases,the role of the primary crack in the failure is aggravated,and the kinetic energy of the sample is also increased,so that the strain energy accumulated inside the sample is quickly released,resulting in more thorough development of the primary crack.The interconnection and continuous penetration of the new cracks are more significant,resulting in obvious shear failure.Based on fractal theory,with the increase of load,the crushing degree of sandstone is more intense.When the load increases further,the crushing degree of sandstone gradually tends to be stable.The research results provide a theoretical basis for studying the dynamic mechanical properties of rock and its application.

关 键 词：SHPB 动态力学特征 DIC 破坏演化特征 分形维数 

分 类 号：TD315[矿业工程—矿井建设]