多煤层开采地下水运移试验平台研发及应用  

R&D and application of groundwater transport test platform for multi-seam mining

作　　者：吴宝杨 许多 王伟[4,5] 刘小庆 张耀斌 王子骋 WU Baoyang;XU Duo;WANG Wei;LIU Xiaoqing;ZHANG Yaobin;WANG Zicheng(State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining,Beijing 102209,China;CHN Energy Shendong Coal Group Co.,Ltd.,Shenmu 719315,China;National Institute of Clean and Low-Carbon Energy,Beijing 102209,China;State Key Laboratory for Tunnel Engineering,Shandong University,Jinan 250061,China;School of Qilu Transportation,Shandong University,Jinan 250061,China)

机构地区：[1]煤炭开采水资源保护与利用全国重点实验室,北京102209 [2]国能神东煤炭集团有限责任公司,陕西神木719315 [3]北京低碳清洁能源研究院,北京102209 [4]山东大学隧道工程灾变防控与智能建养全国重点实验室,山东济南250061 [5]山东大学齐鲁交通学院,山东济南250061

出　　处：《中国矿业》2025年第3期253-265,共13页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目资助(编号:2022B0328);国家能源集团科技项目资助(编号:GJNY-21-26)。

摘　　要：为进一步完善煤矿地下工程领域模型试验研究手段,明确矿区煤炭开采地下水的运移规律,研发了一套多煤层开采地下水运移综合智能试验平台。平台由主体反力单元、伺服加载单元、回采模拟单元、水体运移单元、信息采集单元等五个关键单元组成。通过组合式反力装置,可开展2.1m×1.8m×3.0m(长×高×宽)以内不同尺寸模型体的地质力学模型试验;采用七个伺服电缸实现了分区域主动稳定加载,能够还原地下工程围岩真实应力场分布特征,扩大了有效加载区域;创新性地设计了煤层回采模拟装置以适用于不同厚度、不同进刀长度、不同回采速度的煤层回采模拟;采用荧光示踪剂和大功率紫外线光源显示水体沿裂隙的渗流、运移及存储情况;采用了伺服液压控制系统、高精度土压力盒、分布式光纤等数据实时采集传输系统,实现了数据实时采集,提高了数据采集准确度。以神东矿区上湾煤矿的采掘地质条件为基本背景,进行了现场试验。结果表明:煤层开采过程中,模型巷道围岩变形规律与现场实测基本吻合,围岩变形主要特征基本一致;下层煤柱的距离越大,水平承载力更大,但是破坏过程更剧烈,造成顶底板更大范围破坏,下层煤柱水平承载力极限为0.32MPa,裂隙贯通临界位移为2.5mm;竖向裂隙是贯通煤矿地下水库与上覆含水层的主要通道,也是水源补给的主要路径;顶板岩层横向裂隙成为储水空间,且采空区是主要的储水空间。通过试验验证了系统的可行性与可靠性,较好体现采动条件下模型岩层的裂隙发育、应力变化及地下水运移特征,具有一定工程应用价值,为地下水库建设与长期安全运行提供了科学研究手段。In order to further improve the means of model experimental research in the field of underground coal mine engineering and to clarify the law of underground water transport in coal mining in mining areas,a set of comprehensive intelligent test platform for underground water transport in multiseam mining has been developed.It consists of five key units,including the main reaction force unit,servo-loading unit,recovery simulation unit,water transport unit and information acquisition unit.The combined reaction device enables geomechanical model tests to be carried out on model bodies of different sizes up to 2.1 m×1.8 m×3.0 m(L×H×W).Seven servo-electric cylinders are used to achieve active and stable loading in different areas,which can restore the real stress field distribution characteristics of the surrounding rock of underground projects and expand the effective loading area.The innovative design of the coal seam retrieval simulation device is applicable to the retrieval simulation of coal seams with different thicknesses,different feed lengths and different retrieval rates.Fluorescent tracers and high power UV light sources are used to show the seepage,transport and storage of water along the fractures.A servo-hydraulic control system,high precision earth pressure box and distributed optical fiber are used to achieve real-time data collection and improve the accuracy of data collection.Using the mining geological conditions of Shangwan Coal Mine in the Shendong Mining Area as the basic background,field tests are conducted.The results show that the deformation pattern of the surrounding rock of the model roadway during coal seam mining matches with the actual measurement in the field,and the main characteristics of the surrounding rock deformation are the same.The greater the distance of the lower coal pillar,the greater the horizontal bearing capacity,but the damage process is more violent,resulting in a greater range of damage to the top and bottom slabs,the horizontal bearing capacity limit of the lower c

关 键 词：煤层开采 地下水库 模型试验 水体运移 试验系统研发 

分 类 号：TD12[矿业工程—矿山地质测量] P641.461[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]