煤矸石和煤泥添加对风沙土壤肥力及苜蓿产量的影响  

Affects of adding coal gangue and coal slurry on the fertility of sandy soil and alfalfa yield

作　　者：吴秀琳[1] 王力恒 赵雪淞[1] 王雪松 张婷[1] WU Xiulin;WANG Liheng;ZHAO Xuesong;WANG Xuesong;ZHANG Ting(Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin 123000,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学,辽宁阜新123000

出　　处：《中国矿业》2025年第3期316-326,共11页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅科研项目资助(编号:JYTMS20230806,LJKZ0328)。

摘　　要：煤矸石和煤泥大量排放和堆积不仅占用土地,还造成了资源浪费,亟需规模化生态利用。不同产区煤矸石和煤泥中黏土矿物和石英的含量占比各不相同,由于成分差异较大,其综合利用途径也不同。本文以富含黏土矿物的煤矸石和煤泥作为沙化土壤生态修复材料,在科尔沁沙地沙化土壤中添加不同比例的煤矸石和煤泥,以紫花苜蓿(MedicagosativaL.)为供试植物进行盆栽实验,测定供试土壤理化性质、生物有效性磷(BBP)组分及苜蓿产量,计算土壤肥力综合指数,采用相关性分析和冗余分析探究土壤肥力与苜蓿产量的相互关系。结果表明:与未添加煤矸石和煤泥的空白对照(CK)相比,煤矸石和煤泥的添加改善了土壤理化性质,增加了土壤生物有效性磷含量和苜蓿产量。与单独煤矸石或煤泥施加处理相比,二者复配的改良效果更好,其中添加10%煤矸石和15%煤泥条件下土壤肥力综合指数(IFI)和苜蓿产量最高,IFI值提高了169.93%,苜蓿产量提高了76.38%。4种BBP组分:盐酸提取态磷(HCl-P)、柠檬酸提取态磷(Citrate-P)、酶提取态磷(Enzyme-P)、氯化钙提取态磷(CaCl2-P)含量分别提高36.23%、26.30%、246.07%、210.28%。相关性分析表明,IFI值与苜蓿产量之间呈良好的正相关性。冗余分析表明,Enzyme-P是评价该改良方式的关键因子,其对苜蓿产量和土壤有机质含量的贡献率高达87.0%,说明富含黏土矿物的煤矸石和煤泥混合添加可以明显提高沙地土壤肥力和苜蓿产量,Enzyme-P含量是影响苜蓿生物量积累的关键因子。本文研究为煤矸石和煤泥资源化利用及风沙土改良提供科学依据。The large-scale discharge and accumulation of coal gangue and coal slurry not only occupy land,but also cause resource waste,and there is an urgent need for large-scale ecological utilization.The proportion of clay minerals and quartz in coal gangue and coal slurry from different production areas varies,and due to significant differences in composition,their comprehensive utilization pathways are also different.In this study,coal gangue and coal slurry rich in clay minerals are used as ecological restoration mineral materials,and different proportions of coal gangue and coal slurry are added to sandy soil in Horqin Sandy Land.Medicago sativa L.is used as the test plant to conduct pot experiments to explore the effects of coal gangue and coal slurry on the soil fertility,bioavailable phosphorus(BBP)components and alfalfa yield of the aeolian sandy soil in Horqin Sandy Land,providing a reference for the resource utilization of coal gangue and coal slurry and the restoration of sandy land.The results show that compared with the blank control(CK)without adding coal gangue and coal slurry,the addition of coal gangue and coal slurry improves soil physicochemical properties and increases soil bioavailable phosphorus content and alfalfa yield.Compared with the treatment of coal gangue or coal slurry alone,the improvement effect of the combination of the two is better.Under the condition of adding 10% coal gangue and 15% coal slurry,the soil comprehensive fertility index(IFI)and alfalfa yield is the highest,with an increase of 169.93% in IFI value and 76.38% in alfalfa yield.The content of four bioactive phosphorus(BBP)components,hydrochloric acid extracted phosphorus(HCl-P),citric acid extracted phosphorus(Citrate-P),enzyme extracted phosphorus(Enzyme-P),and calcium chloride extracted phosphorus(CaCl2-P),is significantly increased by 36.23%,26.30%,246.07%,and 210.28%,respectively.Correlation analysis show that there is a good positive correlation between IFI value and alfalfa yield.Redundancy analysis show that Enzyme-P

关 键 词：煤矸石 煤泥 土壤肥力 生物有效性磷 苜蓿产量 

分 类 号：TD926.4[矿业工程—选矿]