矿区生态修复工程实施期植被状况与土壤质量变化评估:以陕北三道沟煤矿首采区为例  

Assessment of vegetation status and soil quality changes during the implementation period of ecological restoration project in mining areas:a case study of the first mining area of Sandaogou Coal Mine in Northern Shaanxi

作　　者：刘维福 蔺楠 苏显静 杜超 李聪聪 LIU Weifu;LIN Nan;SU Xianjing;DU Chao;LI Congcong(National Energy Group Guoyuan Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100033,China;Xi’an Meihang Remote Sensing Information Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710199,China;Appraisal Center for Environment and Engineering,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100041,China;College of Geology and Environment,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]国家能源集团国源电力有限公司,北京100033 [2]西安煤航遥感信息有限公司,陕西西安710199 [3]生态环境部环境工程评估中心,北京100041 [4]西安科技大学地质与环境学院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《中国矿业》2025年第3期327-336,共10页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：陕西省秦创原矿山环境修复治理与智能化监测“科学家+工程师”队伍项目资助(编号:22KXJ-087)。

摘　　要：矿山生态修复工程旨在恢复因采矿活动而受损的生态环境,植被恢复和土地复垦是矿山生态修复的关键措施,在生态恢复过程中具有深刻的协同作用与互补效应。为探究陕北煤炭矿山生态修复工程实施期间植被状况与土壤质量结果及其相互影响关系,本文以三道沟煤矿首采区开展的141个植被恢复、土地复垦项目为例,通过对比分析不同治理措施下的植被状况和土壤质量变化,结合相关系数法深入评估恢复治理措施的成效。结果表明:①在生态修复实施期间,植被状况转好的区域主要集中在植被恢复项目区,显著改善区域占项目区总面积的12.39%,显著退化区域面积仅占0.12%。在各类项目中,植被恢复项目区的植被覆盖水平整体最高,局部波动最小;②恢复为林地、草地的区域土壤质量指数均高于耕地,通过土地复垦项目转为耕地的区域土壤质量指数最低(0.279);③土壤质量对植被状况有显著影响(p<0.01)。不同生态修复类型中,植被状况趋势与土壤质量指数之间均呈显著正相关,土地复垦项目区的相关系数普遍大于0.4。结合土地复垦措施的植被恢复项目可显著改善矿区生态状况,后期植被管护对于生态修复的有效性具有重要意义。该研究结果有助于查明三道沟煤矿生态修复实施成效,为煤炭矿山生态修复措施的推广和优化提供理论支持。The ecological restoration project in mining areas aims to rehabilitate the environment damaged by mining activities.Vegetation restoration and land reclamation are pivotal measures in this process,exhibiting significant synergistic and complementary effects throughout ecological recovery.To explore the relationship between vegetation conditions and soil quality outcomes during the implementation of ecological restoration in coal mines in Northern Shaanxi,this paper conducts a case study on 141 vegetation restoration and land reclamation projects in the first mining area of Sandaogou Coal Mine.By comparing and analyzing changes in vegetation and soil quality under various restoration measures,it uses correlation analysis to assess the effectiveness of these interventions.The results indicate that:①during the ecological restoration period,areas with improved vegetation are primarily concentrated in vegetation restoration project areas,with significantly improved regions accounting for 12.39% of the total project area;in contrast,severely degraded areas only accounted for 0.12%.Among all project types,vegetation restoration areas exhibited the highest overall vegetation cover and the least fluctuation.②Soil quality indices are consistently higher in areas restored to forest or grassland compared to those in cultivated land,with areas converted to arable land through reclamation having the lowest soil quality index(0.279).③Soil quality has a significant effect on vegetation status(p<0.01).A strong positive correlation is found between vegetation trends and soil quality indices across all types of ecological restoration projects,with land reclamation areas typically showing correlation coefficients exceeding 0.4.The combination of vegetation restoration with land reclamation measures can significantly improve the ecological condition of mine area.Furthermore,the later vegetation management is of great significance to the effectiveness of ecological restoration.The results could identify the effectiveness of the

关 键 词：煤矿 生态修复 归一化植被指数 土壤质量指数 成效评估 

分 类 号：TD824.7[矿业工程—煤矿开采] TD88[矿业工程—矿山开采]