新疆戈壁环境下温室基质栽培对番茄生长调控的研究  

Study on Tomato Growth Regulation Under Greenhouse Substrate Cultivation in Gobi Environment of Xinjiang

作　　者：张彩虹 姜鲁艳[2] 王国强[2] 张小慧 刘涛[2] 德贤明 ZHANG Caihong;JIANG Luyan;WANG Guoqiang;ZHANG Xiaohui;LIU Tao;DE Xianming(Xinjiang Facility Agriculture Engineering and Equipment Research Center,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091;Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091)

机构地区：[1]新疆设施农业工程与装备研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业科学院农业机械化研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《北方园艺》2025年第6期35-41,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：中央引导地方专项资助项目(ZYYD2023B01);乌鲁木齐市重大科技专项资助项目(2022A02005-6);自治区两区资助项目(2022LQ04008)。

摘　　要：以“普罗旺斯”和“加林娜”2个番茄品种为试验材料,采用无土栽培的方法,研究了不同栽培基质(椰糠、沙子、混合基质)对温室番茄(“普罗旺斯”“加林娜”)生长量、叶片SPAD值、光合特性以及果实品质、产量的影响,以期为新疆和田地区番茄生长发育的研究提供参考依据。结果表明:新疆戈壁日光温室环境下,“普罗旺斯”番茄品种在3种不同基质下的株高、茎叶片SPAD值均高于“加林娜”番茄品种。不同基质处理对番茄光合特性、品质和产量影响显著,S3处理的净光合速率和蒸腾速率最高,相比N1、N2和N3处理显著提高了10.52%、20.15%、31.17%和6.67%、5.87%、7.52%;S3处理的果实维生素C、可溶性固形物、总糖以及总酸含量均显著高于N1、N2和N3处理,且667 m^(2)产量以S3处理最高。综上表明,混合基质处理的番茄植株长势、产量及品质均优于椰糠和沙子栽培基质,以混合基质处理的“普罗旺斯”番茄植株表现最佳。Taking two tomato varieties,‘Provence’and‘Galina’,as experimental materials,the effects of different substrate cultivations(coconut coir,sand,mixed substrate)on the growth,leaf SPAD value,photosynthetic characteristics,fruit quality,and yield of greenhouse tomatoes(‘Provence’and‘Galina’)were studied by using soilless cultivation methods,in order to provide reference for tomato growth and development quality in Hotan,Xinjiang.The results showed that under the Gobi desert solar greenhouse conditions in Xinjiang,the plant height and SPAD values of‘Provence’tomatoes were consistently higher than those of the‘Galina’across all three substrate treatments.Different substrate treatments significantly influenced the photosynthetic characteristics,fruit quality,and yield of tomatoes.Specifically,the S3 treatment(mixed substrate)achieved the highest net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate,with significant increases of 10.52%,20.15%,31.17%in net photosynthetic rate and 6.67%,5.87%,7.52%in transpiration rate compared to the N1,N,and N3 treatments,respectively.Additionally,the S3 treatment significantly enhanced the levels of vitamin C,soluble solids,total sugars,and total acids in the fruit compared to the N1,N2,and N3 treatments.The highest yield per 667 m^(2) was also observed in the S3 treatment.In summary,the mixed substrate treatment outperformed the coconut coir and sand substrates in terms of plant growth,yield,and fruit quality.Among the tested combinations,the‘Provence’grown in the mixed substrate exhibited the best overall performance.

关 键 词：番茄 基质栽培 温室 生长 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]