银川城郊设施蔬菜土壤主要养分特征分析  

Analysis of Main Nutrient Characteristics of Vegetable Soil in Suburban Facitities in Yinchuan

作　　者：尹志荣[1,2] 金建新 何进勤[1,2] 马兰 YIN Zhirong;JIN Jianxin;HE Jinqin;MA Lan(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002;Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Soil Health,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川750002 [2]农业农村部耕地保育与土壤健康重点实验室,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《北方园艺》2025年第6期120-129,共10页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：宁夏农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范资助项目(NGSB-2021-11-02);宁夏自然科学基金资助项目(2024AAC033692)。

摘　　要：以银川为核心的平吉堡、良田、永宁、贺兰4个地区设施蔬菜土壤为研究对象,对其pH、有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾、硝态氮及有效态微量元素等养分特征进行调查,分析含量、相关性及变异情况,运用主成分分法初步评价土壤质量,以期为探究银川城郊不同区域设施蔬菜土壤养分特征,为设施土壤管理和科学施肥提供参考依据。结果表明:银川城郊设施蔬菜土壤pH平均值为8.09,与露地菜地土壤相比下降0.29个单位,全盐含量平均增加2.99倍。设施蔬菜土壤有机质含量和全氮含量升高,有机质含量比露地土壤高51.85%~156.10%,全氮含量比露地土壤高1.44~2.52倍,分别处于中等及中等较丰富水平。速效磷、速效钾含量分别高出露地土壤5.45、2.31倍,属于丰富水平,盈余明显。设施蔬菜土壤硝态氮积累较多,比露地土壤高6.87~12.21倍,而铵态氮变化较小。设施蔬菜土壤有效态微量元素因地区差异变化不同,总体上有效态Ca、Fe、Mn含量低于露地土壤,这也是导致设施蔬菜品质下降的重要原因。主成分分析法得到的2个主成分对于总方差的累积贡献率达到89.86%,基本能反映土壤肥力的全部信息。贺兰地区土壤综合得分较高,土壤质量较好,其次是平吉堡、永宁。良田地区不论是设施蔬菜土壤还是露地土壤均得分最低,其设施蔬菜土壤pH明显下降呈弱碱性或中性,有酸化的趋势,且土壤肥力水平整体偏低。To explore the soil nutrient characteristics of protected vegetable cultivation in different regions of Yinchuan,and provide reference for soil management and scientific fertilization.The soil of protected vegetable cultivation in four regions of Yinchuan,including Pingjipu,Liangtian,Yongning,and Helan,was selected as the research object,and its pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,nitrate nitrogen,and trace elements were investigated.The content,correlation,and variation were analyzed,and the soil quality was preliminarily evaluated using principal component analysis.The average pH of protected vegetable cultivation soil in Yinchuan suburbs was 8.09,which was 0.29 units lower than that of open field vegetable soil.The total salt content increased by 2.99 times.The organic matter content and total nitrogen content of protected vegetable cultivation soil increased,with organic matter content 51.85%to 156.10%higher than that of open field soil,and total nitrogen content 1.44 to 2.52 times higher than that of open field soil,which were at medium and medium-rich levels respectively.The available phosphorus and available potassium contents were 5.45 times and 2.31 times higher than those of open field soil,respectively,which belonged to abundant levels with significant surplus.The nitrate nitrogen accumulation in protected vegetable cultivation soil was higher than that of open field soil by 6.87 to 12.21 times,while the ammonium nitrogen content changed little.The effective trace elements in protected vegetable cultivation soil varied according to regional differences,with the overall effective Ca,Fe,and Mn contents lower than those of open field soil,which was also an important reason for the decline in quality of protected vegetables.The two principal components obtained by principal component analysis accounted for 89.86%of the total variance,which could basically reflect all the information of soil fertility.The soil quality in Helan area was relatively high,with good soil qua

关 键 词：设施蔬菜 土壤 土壤养分 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S158.2[农业科学—土壤学]