整枝措施对东西垄栽培番茄产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Pruning Pattern and East-west Ridges Cultivation on Yield and Quality of Tomato

作　　者：潘文博 周海姣 王艺菲 乔少伟 丁明[1,2] PAN Wenbo;ZHOU Haijiao;WANG Yifei;QIAO Shaowei;DING Ming(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业农村部西北设施园艺重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2025年第3期66-77,共12页China Vegetables

基　　金：陕西省农业关键核心技术攻关项目(2023NYGG008);西藏自治区科技计划项目(XZ202202YD0002C)。

摘　　要：为解决大跨度塑料大棚番茄东西向栽培单干整枝方式产量低的问题,以意佰芬-5为试验材料,采用东西垄向双行栽培开展春茬和秋茬试验,设置单干整枝和一干半整枝2种整枝方式及25、35 cm和45 cm 3个株距处理,研究不同处理对植株群体光截获率、番茄生长发育及果实产量、品质的影响。结果表明,春茬和秋茬单干整枝45 cm株距处理番茄单果质量均最大,分别为224.51 g和198.36 g,每667 m^(2)产量分别为8648.39 kg和5110.52 kg,每667 m^(2)产量均显著低于其他处理。一干半整枝35 cm株距处理冠层温度起伏波动更小,更加稳定,光截获率高,全年每667 m^(2)产量较一干半整枝45 cm株距处理提高了21.90%,较单干整枝35 cm株距处理提高了17.66%,差异均显著。春茬和秋茬一干半整枝35 cm株距处理番茄单果质量和果实品质(VC、番茄红素、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物含量)与单干整枝35 cm株距处理均无显著差异。通过Spearman相关系数分析各指标相关性,采用熵权法和基于博弈论的组合赋权-TOPSIS法对番茄植株生长发育、产量和品质进行综合评价,一干半整枝35 cm株距处理综合得分最高。因此,采用35 cm株距和一干半整枝是适宜大跨度塑料大棚春茬和秋茬番茄的宜机化东西垄栽培模式。In order to solve the low yield problem of single-pole pruning pattern of east-west cultivation of tomato plant in large-span plastic greenhouses,in this study,using tomato variety‘Yibaifen-5’as the material,spring and autumn tomato were cultivated in two different pruning pattern(single-rod pruning and one-and-a-half-rod pruning)and three different plant spacing treatments(25 cm,35 cm and 45 cm).The light interception rate of plant group,tomato growth and development,yield and quality of fruit were studied.The results showed that the single fruit weight of the 45 cm plant spacing with single-rod pruning treatment was the highest.The single fruit weight of spring and autumn was 224.51 g and 198.36 g respectively.The yield per 667 m^(2) was 8648.39 kg and 5110.52 kg,respectively,which was significantly lower than those of other treatments.The canopy temperature of the 35 cm treatment with one-and-a-half-rod pruning was more stable,which improved the light interception rate.The total year yield per 667 m^(2) of the treatment increased by 21.90%compared with that of 45 cm treatment with one-and-a-half-rod pruning,and increased by 17.66%compared with 35 cm treatment with single-rod pruning.There was no significant difference in single fruit weight and fruit quality between the spring and autumn tomato of 35 cm treatment with one-and-a-half-rod pruning and the single-rod pruning of 35 cm treatment,such as the contents of the VC,lycopene,soluble sugar,and soluble solids.The correlation of each index was analyzed by Spearman’s correlation coefficient.Entropy weight method and the combinatorial weighting-TOPSIS method based on game theory were used to comprehensively evaluate the results.The comprehensive score of 35 cm treatment with one-and-a-half-rod pruning was the highest.Therefore,the method of 35 cm plant spacing with one-and-a-half-rod pruning was suitable for mechanized east-west ridge cultivation model in large-span plastic greenhouse.

关 键 词：番茄 东西垄向 宜机化 整枝方式 种植密度 

分 类 号：S64[农业科学—蔬菜学]