施用生物炭对露天菜地养分流失阻控效果研究  

Effect of Biochar on Preventing and Controlling Nutrient Loss in Vegetable Fields

作　　者：李曼颖 普勇 彭银 达布希拉图 孙铭骏 飞进强 龙鹏飞 LI Manying;PU Yong;PENG Yin;DABU Xilatu;SUN Mingjun;FEI Jinqiang;LONG Pengfei(College of Resources and Environmental,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,Yunnan,China;Shiping County Agriculture,Rural Affairs,Science and Technology Bureau,Honghe 662299,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201 [2]石屏县农业农村和科学技术局,云南红河662299

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2025年第3期88-97,共10页China Vegetables

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41967015);石屏县农业生态环境治理项目。

摘　　要：通过对田间径流小区的3年连续监测,研究了露天菜地地表径流和地下径流养分流失特征及生物炭对养分流失的阻控效果。结果表明:露天菜地的径流途径以地下径流为主,占81.82%~85.66%;径流液总氮(TN)和化学需氧量(COD)流失量地下径流大于地表径流,而总磷(TP)则相反;施用生物炭能够降低地表径流TN和地表径流TP浓度15.14%和17.39%,对地表径流COD无显著影响;降低地下径流TN、TP和COD流失浓度12.62%、28.48%和10.30%。常规施肥条件下TN、TP、COD年平均径流流失总量分别为66.17、0.49、120.81 kg·hm^(-2),施用生物炭能够降低10.56、0.15、13.89 kg·hm^(-2);施用生物炭显著提高土壤阳离子交换量(CEC),推测可能是阻控养分流失的重要原因。综上,施用生物炭能够通过改善CEC等土壤性质来显著减少径流量,阻控径流养分损失。In this study,we investigate the dynamics of nutrient loss via both surface and subsurface runoff,examining the impact of biochar application on nutrient mitigation strategies over a three-year period via continuous monitoring on experimental field plots.The results indicate that the majority of runoffin open vegetable fields is of the subsurface variety,representing percentages ranging from 81.82%to 85.66%.Specifically,the concentrations of total nitrogen(TN)and chemical oxygen demand(COD)in the groundwater runoffexceeded those in surface runoff,whereas the opposite was true for total phosphorus(TP).Moreover,the application of biochar led to a decrease in the concentrations of TN and TP in surface runoffby 15.14%and 17.39%,respectively,without a significant impact on COD levels.Similarly,the concentrations of TN,TP and COD in subsurface runoffwere diminished by 12.62%,28.48%,and 10.30%,respectively.The mean annual losses of TN,TP and COD through runoffunder conventional fertilization conditions were recorded at 66.17 kg·hm^(-2),0.49 kg·hm^(-2) and 120.81 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.The incorporation of biochar into the soil was found to mitigate these losses by reductions of 10.56 kg·hm^(-2),0.15 kg·hm^(-2),and 13.89 kg·hm^(-2) for TN,TP and COD,respectively.Notably,biochar application markedly enhanced the soil cation exchange capacity(CEC),which may be a crucial factor in the prevention of nutrient loss.Three years of consecutive monitoring revealed that biochar amendment significantly curtailed runoffand the loss of nutrient runoffby ameliorating soil characteristics such as CEC.

关 键 词：地表径流 地下径流 养分流失 土壤CEC 生物炭 

分 类 号：P33[天文地球—水文科学]