生物降解地膜在大棚黄瓜栽培中的应用潜力  

Study on Application Potential of Biodegradable Mulching Film in Greenhouse Cucumber Cultivation

作　　者：胡志杰 樊金斗 王燕慧 王星龍 宋梦圆 田永强 李欣 陈之群[2] 高丽红 HU Zhijie;FAN Jindou;WANG Yanhui;WANG Xinglong;SONG Mengyuan;TIAN Yongqiang;LI Xin;CHEN Zhiqun;GAO Lihong(College of Horticulture,China Agricultural University,Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Development Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops,Beijing 100193,China;College of Life Sciences,Linyi University,Linyi 276005,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学园艺学院,设施蔬菜生长发育北京市重点实验室,北京100193 [2]临沂大学生命科学学院,山东临沂276005

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2025年第3期111-117,共7页China Vegetables

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD2300701);现代农业产业技术体系大宗蔬菜资助项目(CARS-23);山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019ZZ005)。

摘　　要：果菜类蔬菜秸秆原位还田技术逐渐被生产者接受,但还田前的地膜清除仍然费工费时。为明确生物降解地膜在大棚黄瓜栽培中的应用潜力及与秸秆同步还田的可行性,设置普通地膜(PE膜,厚度0.01 mm,CK)和生物降解地膜(PBAT+专用防老化助剂1,厚度0.01 mm,TR1;PBAT+专用防老化助剂2,厚度0.01 mm,TR2;PBAT-PLA,厚度0.01 mm,TR3;PBAT-PLA,厚度0.006 mm,TR4)5个处理,并在生产结束后通过填埋试验研究了地膜单独还田及与秸秆同步还田的降解效果,探究生物降解地膜在前期的增温保墒、后期降解特性及对黄瓜生长、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:4种生物降解地膜在黄瓜栽培前期的增温保墒效果与对照无显著差异,均对黄瓜产量无显著影响,而PBAT+专用防老化助剂1生物降解地膜显著提高了黄瓜的可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量;随着栽培时间延长,4种生物降解地膜均发生了不同程度的降解,并且进入土壤后仍能继续降解,与黄瓜秸秆同步还田进一步加速了地膜的降解速度。因此,在大棚黄瓜栽培中,覆盖厚度0.01 mm的生物降解地膜可以获得与普通PE地膜相当的效果,随黄瓜秸秆进入土壤后降解效果良好,与黄瓜秸秆原位还田技术结合具有可行性。In order to clarify the application potential of biodegradable mulching film in greenhouse cucumber cultivation,plastic film(0.01 mm thick PE,CK)and 4 kinds of biodegradable mulching films〔0.01 mm thick PBAT with special anti-aging aid 1(TR1),0.01 mm thick PBAT with special anti-aging aid 2(TR2),0.01 mm thick PBAT-PLA(TR3)and 0.006 mm thick PBAT-PLA(TR4)〕were applied to explore the degradation,thermal insulation,fertilizer preservation and the influence on the growth,yield and quality of cucumber.The results show that 4 kinds of biodegradable mulching films are degraded to different degrees during cucumber cultivation,and can continue to degrade after entering the soil.The 0.01 mm thick biodegradable mulching film can meet the requirements of mulching performance and strength in the production,while 0.006 mm thick biodegradable mulching film is more damaged;of biodegradable mulching film are not different from that of ordinary plastic film.Compared to the CK,the application of biodegradable mulching film cause no effects on the thermal insulation and fertilizer protection.Moreover,the growth and yield of cucumber are not affected by the degradation.And the biodegradable mulching films made from PBAT with special anti-aging aid can effectively improve the soluble solids and soluble sugar content of cucumber.The study shows that biodegradable mulching film has potential to be applied in cucumber cultivation in greenhouse.

关 键 词：生物降解地膜 秸秆原位还田 降解特性 黄瓜 

分 类 号：S64[农业科学—蔬菜学]