日光温室番茄生产中土壤氨挥发影响因子分析及减排潜力评价  

Analysis on Influence Factors of Soil Ammonia Volatilization and Ammonia Emission Reduction Potentiality in Greenhouse Tomato Production

作　　者：崔强 贾明飞 乜兰春[1] 赵文圣 胡淑明[1] 周洪妹 CUI Qiang;JIA Mingfei;NIE Lanchun;ZHAO Wensheng;HU Shuming;ZHOU Hongmei(College of Horticulture,Hebei Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm and Utilization of Hebei Province,Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei Province,Baoding 071000,Hebei,China;Baoding Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Baoding 071000,Hebei,China;Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050041,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院,河北省蔬菜种质创新与利用重点试验室,河北省蔬菜产业协同创新中心,河北保定071000 [2]保定市农业科学院,河北保定071000 [3]石家庄市农林科学研究院,河北石家庄050041

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2025年第3期118-125,共8页China Vegetables

基　　金：大气重污染成因与强化治理方案-种植业氨减排技术与强化治理方案(DQGG0208-02);河北省现代农业产业技术体系设施蔬菜创新团队项目(HBCT2023100208)。

摘　　要：为探究日光温室土壤氨挥发情况及其主要影响因子和氨减排潜力,提出适合本地区的施肥方案,以日光温室秋冬茬番茄生产中常规施肥方案为对照,设置不同的化肥减施方案,研究不同施肥方案对土壤氨挥发、番茄产量、品质和产投比的影响。利用相关分析、通径分析和逐步回归分析方法明确了环境和土壤因子对氨挥发的影响。结果表明:番茄全生育期土壤氨挥发累积量为6.18~8.89 kg·hm^(-2),氨挥发随化肥施用量的减少而减少。土壤铵态氮浓度(X5)、土壤日平均温度(X7)和空气日平均温度(X9)是影响氨挥发速率的直接因子;土壤硝态氮浓度(X4)、土壤日平均湿度(X8)是影响氨挥发速率的间接因子。建立了氨挥发速率(Y)与它们的回归模型Y=-1.6677+0.0611X4+0.0375X5+0.0027X7-0.0010X8+0.0084X9(R2=0.9403,P<0.01)。在本试验条件下,化肥(氮素)减施10%~30%的施肥方案较常规施肥方案氨挥发积累量减少14.53%~30.55%。其中C5方案(有机肥增加30%,化肥减量30%)氨挥发量减少30.55%,番茄产量增加12.28%,可溶性糖含量增加1.19百分点,VC含量增加51.28%,产投比提高14.45%。In order to investigate the ammonia volatilization of soil in solar greenhouse,the main influencing factors and the potential of ammonia emission reduction,a suitable fertilization scheme for the local area was proposed.Compared with the conventional fertilization scheme for tomato production in autumnwinter crops in solar greenhouse,different fertilizer reduction schemes were set up.The effects of different fertilization schemes on soil ammonia volatilization,yield,quality and investment to output ratio of tomato were studied.The influence of environmental and soil factors on ammonia volatilization was determined by correlation analysis,path analysis and stepwise regression analysis.The results show that the cumulative amount of soil ammonia volatilization during the entire growth period of tomatoes is 6.18 to 8.89 kg·hm^(-2),and the ammonia volatilization decreases with the reduction of chemical fertilizer.Soil ammonium nitrogen concentration(X5),soil average daily temperature(X7)and air average daily temperature(X9)were direct factors affecting the volatilization rate of ammonia.Soil nitrate nitrogen concentration(X4)and soil average daily humidity(X8)were indirect factors affecting the volatilization rate of ammonia.The ammonia volatilization rate(Y)was established with the regression model Y=-1.6677+0.0611X4+0.0375X5+0.0027X7-0.0010X8+0.0084X9(R2=0.9403,P<0.01).Under the conditions of this experiment,the ammonia volatilization accumulation was reduced by 14.53%to 30.55%for the 10%to 30%fertilizer reduction scheme compared with the conventional fertilizer scheme.In C5(organic fertilizer increased by 30%,chemical fertilizer decreased by 30%),ammonia volatilization was reducedby 30.55%,tomato yield increased by 12.28%,soluble sugar content increased by 1.19 percentage point,VC content increased by 51.28%,and the yield-investment ratio increased by 14.45%.

关 键 词：日光温室 番茄生产 氨挥发 影响因子 氨减排潜力 

分 类 号：S64[农业科学—蔬菜学]