大棚番茄潜叶蛾交配干扰技术的应用效果评价  

Effectiveness Evaluation of Controlling Tuta absoluta(Meyrick)by Synthetic Sex Pheromone Mating Disruption in Greenhouse

作　　者：董义霞 施乾芮 江洪敏 徐翔 杜永均 DONG Yixia;SHI Qianrui;JIANG Hongmin;XU Xiang;DU Yongjun(Liangshan Plant Quarantine Station in Sichuan Province,Xichang 615000,Sichuan,China;Xichang Plant Protection and Quarantine Station,Xichang 615000,Sichuan,China;Plant Protection Station of Sichuan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan,China;Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省凉山州植物检疫站,四川西昌615000 [2]西昌市植保植检站,四川西昌615000 [3]四川省农业农村厅植物保护站,四川成都610041 [4]浙江大学农药与环境毒理研究所,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2025年第3期150-156,共7页China Vegetables

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1400202);浙江省重点研发计划项目(2021C02045);凉山州科技计划项目(24YYYJ0171)。

摘　　要：番茄潜叶蛾〔Tuta absoluta(Meyrick)〕是番茄作物的重要害虫之一,钻蛀性危害导致农药难以接触幼虫,防控效率较低。为了比较和评价被动型释放器(聚乙烯固体凝胶迷向丝)和主动喷射型释放器对番茄潜叶蛾交配干扰的田间应用效果,以农民自防区大棚为对照,交配干扰共设计6个处理,分别为迷向丝900枚·hm^(-2)80 mg、迷向丝900枚·hm^(-2)60 mg、迷向丝900枚·hm^(-2)40 mg、迷向丝600枚·hm^(-2)40 mg、迷向丝300枚·hm^(-2)40 mg、主动喷射型释放器5台·hm^(-2),即迷向丝性信息素剂量为40、60、80 mg,设置密度为300、600、900枚·hm^(-2),调查记录诱蛾量并计算危害率、相对幼虫减退率、防效等指标。结果显示,番茄幼苗移栽后,番茄潜叶蛾成虫和幼虫数量从低逐步上升。大棚成虫虫口密度较低时,诱蛾量与迷向丝设置密度之间呈曲线函数关系;大棚成虫虫口密度较高时,两者呈直线关系。迷向丝3种剂量处理(40、60、80 mg)均能有效控制番茄潜叶蛾种群的发生。迷向丝300枚·hm^(-2)40 mg难以控制高密度虫口的危害,性信息素剂量为40 mg时,迷向丝设置密度应该高于300枚·hm^(-2)。当迷向丝设置密度为900枚·hm^(-2)时,随着剂量的增大,防效呈现增高趋势,当信息素剂量为80 mg时,平均防效最高,为86.6%。主动喷射型释放器5台·hm^(-2)的处理防效较高,为77.9%。在性信息素交配干扰处理的大棚中,施药次数明显减少。综上,性信息素交配干扰可以有效控制大棚番茄潜叶蛾的危害,迷向丝900枚·hm^(-2)80 mg和主动喷射型释放器5台·hm^(-2)的防效比较理想。The tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta(Meyrick)is the most important pest of tomato crops.Boring damage makes it difficult for pesticides to contact larvae,and the control efficiency is usually low.The objective of this study was to compare and evaluate the effects of passive sex pheromone dispenser and active aerosol dispenser on the mating disruption by sex pheromones in the greenhouse.Taking the greenhouses managed by the farmers as the control,a total of 6 treatments were designed in the mating disruption area.The 6 treatments were 900 PE tubing dispensers(80 mg a.i.)per hectare,900 PE tubing dispensers(60 mg a.i.)per hectare,900 PE tubing dispensers(40 mg a.i.)per hectare,600 PE tubing dispensers(40 mg a.i.)per hectare,300 PE tubing dispensers(40 mg a.i.)per hectare,and 5 active aerosol dispensers per hectare,the doses of pheromones are 40,60,and 80 mg,and the placement densities are 300,600,and 900 per hectare.The number of moth catches was recorded,and the damage rate,relative larval reduced rate,and control efficacy were calculated.Monitoring by sex pheromone trapping showed that the adult population gradually increased from low throughout the growing period after transplanting tomato seedlings.When the density of adult population in the greenhouse was relatively low,a curvilinear functional relationship between the amount of moth catches and the density of the sex pheromone dispensers was found.However,when the population density of adult moths in the greenhouse was increased,a linear relationship between the amount of moth catches and the placement density of the sex pheromone dispensers was observed.All three doses tested had demonstrated significant mating disruption on male moths.300 PE tubing dispensers(40 mg a.i.)per hectare failed to control high density of larval populations in greenhouses.When the dose of pheromones is 40 mg,the placement density needs to be above 300 per hectare.When the density of PE tubing dispensers is 900,the preventive effect shows an increasing trend with the increase of dose

关 键 词：番茄潜叶蛾 性信息素 交配干扰 被动型释放器 主动喷射型释放器 

分 类 号：S64[农业科学—蔬菜学]