黄河、长江流域水源水和出厂水中杀虫、杀菌剂污染特征调查  

Investigation on the pollution characteristics of insecticides and fungicides in source water and finished water in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins,China

作　　者：陈永艳[1] 叶必雄[1] 吕佳[1] 张岚 高圣华[1] 金宁[1] CHEN Yong-yan;YE Bi-xiong;LYU Jia;ZHANG Lan;GAO Sheng-hua;JIN Ning(China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与人群健康重点实验室/中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100050

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2025年第3期178-185,共8页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFC3200804)。

摘　　要：目的分析我国长江及黄河流域水源水和出厂水中杀虫剂和杀菌剂的种类分布和污染浓度水平,为我国更大区域性的农药类污染物监测研究提供重要依据。方法于2022年12月—2023年2月分别在长江及黄河流域共选择66个典型市政水厂采集水源水和出厂水共132份样品,采用在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱法对样品中48种杀虫剂和13种杀菌剂进行测定,并对黄河、长江流域饮用水中杀虫、杀菌剂污染特征进行分析。结果61种杀虫、杀菌剂中共检出42种,检出浓度为0.1~606.5 ng/L,中位数为0.1~10.4 ng/L。其中检出率大于50%的杀虫、杀菌剂共10种,分别为甲霜灵、三唑酮、戊唑醇、稻瘟灵、啶虫脒、三环唑、噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、仲丁威、多菌灵。水源水中检出杀虫、杀菌剂总浓度为0.1~875.3 ng/L,中位数为33.3 ng/L;出厂水中检出杀虫、杀菌剂总浓度为0.2~491.4 ng/L,中位数为16.4 ng/L,水源水样品检出总浓度高于出厂水,差异具有统计学意义(z=-5.29,P<0.001)。黄河流域样品(n=70)中杀虫、杀菌剂总浓度为0.1~875.3 ng/L,中位数为10.8 ng/L,长江流域(n=62)样品中杀虫、杀菌剂总浓度为0.5~313.6 ng/L,中位数为39.9 ng/L。长江流域杀虫、杀菌剂总浓度高于黄河流域,差异具有统计学意义(z=-4.20,P<0.001),但两流域杀虫剂总浓度差异无统计学意义(z=-1.06,P=0.289)。结论黄河、长江流域水源水及饮用水中普遍存在杀虫、杀菌剂污染,浓度水平在ng/L,具有污染种类多、浓度低的特点。部分监测位点中杀虫、杀菌剂总量接近或超过欧盟饮水指令中农药总量小于0.5μg/L的要求,因此,应对我国饮用水中农药类污染物总量加以关注,还应进一步加强对生活饮用水卫生标准外高检出杀虫、杀菌剂的关注。Objective To analyze the type distribution and pollution concentration levels of insecticides and fungicides in source water and finished water in the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins in China,and to provide important references for the monitoring and research of pesticide pollutants in larger regions in China.Methods From December 2022 to February 2023,a total of 132 source water and finished water samples were collected from 66 typical municipal waterworks in the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins.The online solid-phase extraction high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine 48 insecticides and 13 fungicides in the samples,and the pollution characteristics of insecticides and fungicides in drinking water in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins were analyzed.Results A total of 42 out of 61 insecticides and fungicides were detected,with the concentrations ranging from 0.1 ng/L to 606.5 ng/L and the median of 0.1 ng/L to 10.4 ng/L.There were 10 insecticides and fungicides with a detection rate higher than 50%,including metalaxyl,triazolone,tebuconazole,isoprothiolane,acetamiprid,tricyclazole,thiamethoxam oxazine,imidacloprid,fenobucarb,and carbendazim.The total concentration of insecticides and fungicides measured in the source water and finished water ranged from 0.1 ng/L to 875.3 ng/L and from 0.2 ng/L to 491.4 ng/L,with the medians of 33.3 ng/L and 16.4 ng/L,respectively.The total concentration measured in the source water samples was significantly higher than that in the finished water samples(z=-5.29,P<0.001).The total concentration of insecticides and fungicides in samples from the Yellow River basin(n=70)and the Yangtze River basin(n=62)ranged from 0.1 ng/L to 875.3 ng/L and from 0.5 ng/L tO_(3)13.6 ng/L,with the medians of 10.8 ng/L and 39.9 ng/L,respectively.The total concentration of insecticides and fungicides in the Yangtze River basin was significantly higher than that in the Yellow River basin(z=-4.20,P<0.001),but there was no significant differen

关 键 词：水源水 饮用水 杀虫剂 杀菌剂 分布特征 

分 类 号：R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学]