2022年我国宾馆(酒店)客房室内空气细菌真菌污染状况及影响因素分析  

Status and influencing factors of air microbial pollution in hotel rooms in China,2022

作　　者：邵冉起 苏丽琴[1,2] 韩旭[1,2] 刘航[1,2] 葛覃兮[1,2] 李莉[1,2] 杜航 罗姣 李峰 王先良[1,2] 姚孝元[1,2] SHAO Ran-qi;SU Li-qin;HAN Xu;LIU Hang;GE Tan-xi;LI Li;DU Hang;LUO Jiao;LI Feng;WANG Xian-liang;YAO Xiao-yuan(China CDC Key laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases/National Institute of Environmental Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与人群健康重点实验室/中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100050 [2]传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室/中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100050

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2025年第3期186-192,197,共8页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：全国公共场所健康危害因素监测项目(2022)。

摘　　要：目的了解我国宾馆(酒店)客房空气微生物污染(细菌总数、真菌总数)状况并分析其主要影响因素。方法采用随机分层抽样,于2022年选取全国2302家宾馆(酒店)的5484间客房,对室内空气细菌总数和真菌总数进行样品采集和检测,同时开展相关物理指标检测和信息调查;采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响室内空气微生物指标超标的因素。结果客房室内空气细菌总数和真菌总数的中位数分别为247和160 CFU/m^(3),分别以1500 CFU/m^(3)、500 CFU/m^(3)为细菌总数和真菌总数超标值,超标率分别为4.21%和20.95%。与三星级及以上的宾馆(酒店)相比,三星级以下的宾馆(酒店)客房内空气细菌总数超标风险较高(OR=1.30,95%CI:1.02~1.67);与东部地区相比,中部和西部地区宾馆(酒店)客房内空气细菌总数超标风险较高(中部:OR=1.43,95%CI:1.01~2.04;西部:OR=1.48,95%CI:1.04~2.12)。与开业年份≤5 a的宾馆(酒店)相比,开业年份>10 a的宾馆(酒店)客房室内真菌总数超标风险较高(OR=1.24,95%CI:1.04~1.48);与近两年未装修过的宾馆(酒店)相比,近两年装修过的宾馆(酒店)客房室内真菌总数超标风险较低(OR=0.76,95%CI:0.62~0.93)。客房室内空气微生物超标风险与室内温度、PM_(10)水平正相关,室内空气微生物超标风险与CO_(2)水平负相关(P<0.05);真菌总数超标风险与客房室内风速负相关(OR=0.37,95%CI:0.21~0.63),与相对湿度正相关(OR=1.02,95%CI:1.01~1.02);未发现空气细菌总数超标风险与风速、相对湿度之间的显著关联性。结论我国宾馆(酒店)客房室内空气微生物污染问题较为严重,宾馆(酒店)的场所规模、地区分布以及室内温度、CO_(2)、PM_(10)是客房细菌总数超标的影响因素;宾馆(酒店)的开业年份、近两年装修情况以及室内温度、相对湿度、风速、CO_(2)、PM_(10)是客房真菌总数超标的影响因素。Objective To investigate the current status of air microbial pollution(total bacterial and fungal counts)in hotel rooms in China and analyze the main influencing factors.Methods A total of 5484 rooms from 2302 hotels were selected by stratified random sampling in 2022.The total bacterial and fungal counts in the indoor air were determined,and the relevant physical indicator measurements and information surveys were carried out simultaneously.The multipie logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the main influencing factors for the exceedance of indoor air microorganisms.Results The medians of total bacterial and fungal counts in the indoor air were 247 CFU/m^(3)and 160 CFU/m^(3),respectively,and their exceedance values were 1500 CFU/m^(3)and 500 CFU/m^(3),with the excess rates of 4.21% and 20.95%,respectively.Compared with hotels with three stars and above,hotels with less than three stars had a higher risk of exceedance of the total bacterial count in the air of rooms(odds ratio(OR)=1.30,95% confidence interval(CI):1.02-1.67);compared with hotels in the eastern region,hotels in the central and western regions had a higher risk of exceedance of the total bacterial count in the air of rooms(central region:OR=1.43,95%CI:1.01-2.04;western region:OR=1.48,95%CI:1.04-2.12).The risk of exceedance of the total fungal count in rooms was higher in hotels with>10 years of operation compared to those with≤5 years of operation(OR=1.24,95%CI:1.04-1.48);the risk of exceedance of the total fungal count in rooms of hotels renovated over the past two years was lower than that in hotels that had not been renovated over the past two years(OR=0.76,95%CI:0.62-0.93).The risk of exceedance of air microorganisms in rooms was positively correlated with the indoor temperature and inhalable particulate matter(PM_(10))level and negatively correlated with the carbon dioxide(CO_(2))level(P<0.05).The risk of exceedance of total fungal count was negatively correlated with the air velocity in rooms(OR=0.37,95%CI:0.21-0.63)and positively

关 键 词：宾馆(酒店) 室内空气 真菌总数 细菌总数 影响因素 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学]