2018—2023年北京市丰台区医院候诊室环境卫生状况分析  

Investigation of environmental sanitary conditions in waiting rooms of hospitals in Fengtai District,Beijing,China,2018—2023

作　　者：黄儒婷[1] 潘颖[1] 崔宝荣[1] 周慧霞[1] 韩凤超 张来颖[1] 郝静[1] HUANG Ru-ting;PAN Ying;CUI Bao-rong;ZHOU Hui-xia;HAN Feng-chao;ZHANG Lai-ying;HAO Jing(Fengtai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,Beijing 100070,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心,北京100070

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2025年第3期193-197,共5页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

摘　　要：目的了解北京市丰台区医院候诊室的室内空气质量和集中空调通风系统的卫生状况,为改善候诊室环境卫生提供依据。方法2018—2023年,对北京市丰台区35家医院开展室内空气质量和集中空调通风系统监测120家次。依据《公共场所卫生检验方法》(GB/T 18204-2013),对室内温度、相对湿度、室内风速、二氧化碳、送风中可吸入颗粒物进行现场检测,对集中空调送风、风管内表面和冷却塔冷却水进行样品采集,并送实验室开展细菌总数、真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌、积尘量、嗜肺军团菌等指标的检测。结果2018—2023年北京市丰台区医院候诊室环境卫生监测总体达标率为72.33%。其中,室内空气质量监测总体达标率为60.10%,室内空气质量各项指标存在季节性差异,冬春季的室内温度、相对湿度、二氧化碳达标率低于夏秋季(χ^(2)值分别为14.59、68.92和19.20,P≤0.001)。集中空调通风系统监测总体达标率为87.35%,空调系统监测中不同指标的达标率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=158.51,P<0.001),送风中细菌总数达标率最低(36.78%),其次为空调系统新风量(60.71%)。空调冷却水中嗜肺军团菌检出率为4.17%,优势菌株为LP1,检出月份集中在七月。新型冠状病毒感染之后室内空气质量和总体达标率均高于之前(χ^(2)值分别为59.81和7.97,P<0.05)。结论北京市丰台区医院候诊室环境卫生状况较差,室内空气质量的主要问题是二氧化碳和空气中细菌总数超标,热舒适性指标如室内温度和相对湿度的达标率也较低,集中空调通风系统的主要问题是送风中微生物超标和冷却塔存在嗜肺军团菌污染,今后应加强对候诊室室内空气质量和集中空调通风系统卫生状况的监测和管理。Objective To investigate the indoor air quality and the sanitary conditions of central air conditioning ventilation systems in waiting rooms of hospitals in Fengtai District,Beijing,China,and to provide a basis for improving the environmental sanitary conditions in waiting rooms.Methods from 2018 to 2023,a total of 120 monitoring sessions were conducted to assess indoor air quality and central air conditioning ventilation systems of 35 hospitals in Fengtai District.According to the Examination Methods for Public Places(GB/T 18204-2013),on-site measurements were conducted to assess indoor temperature,relative humidity,indoor air velocity,carbon dioxide,and inhalable particles in the supply air.Samples were collected from the supply air of central air conditioning,the inner surface of ducts,and the cooling water of cooling towers.The samples were sent to laboratory for measurements of total bacterial count,total fungal count,β-hemolytic streptococcus,dust accumulation,and Legionella pneumophila.Results from 2018 to 2023,the overall qualified rate for environmental sanitary conditions in waiting rooms of hospitals in Fengtai District was 72.33%.The overall qualified rate for indoor air quality was 60.10%.Seasonal variations were observed in indoor air quality indicators.The qualified rates for indoor temperature,relative humidity,and carbon dioxide were lower in winter and spring compared to summer and autumn(χ^(2)=14.59,68.92,and 19.20,respectively,P≤0.001).The overall qualified rate for the central air conditioning ventilation systems was 87.35%.There were significant differences in the qualified rates for different indicators in the monitoring of air conditioning systems(χ^(2)=158.51,P<0.001).The lowest qualified rate was observed for total bacterial count in the supply air(36.78%),followed by fresh air volume in the air conditioning system(60.71%).The detection rate of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water was 4.17%,the dominant strain was LP1,and positive detections concentrated in July.After the COVID-1

关 键 词：候诊室 医院 卫生状况 空调系统 嗜肺军团菌 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]