甘肃省饮用水和土壤碘元素本底值变化趋势分析  

Analysis of the change patterns of iodine background values in drinking water and soil in Gansu province,China

作　　者：孙玮[1] 曹永琴[1] 王燕玲[1] 窦瑜贵[1] SUN Wei;CAO Yong-qin;WANG Yan-ling;DOU Yu-gui(Local Disease Department of Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省疾病预防控制中心地方病防制科,兰州730000

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2025年第3期236-239,共4页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：甘肃省自然科学基金(21JR11RA180);兰州市科研计划项目(2023-2-117)。

摘　　要：目的分析甘肃省饮用水和土壤碘本底值变化趋势,为调整和制定当地碘相关疾病防控措施提供参考。方法查阅文献资料收集甘肃省1972、1985、2014和2017年4次水碘和2次土壤检测结果并进行统计分析。结果1972、1985、2014和2017年分别检测水样3151、154、1201和1185份,水源构成变化明显(χ^(2)=140.97,P<0.01),井水从1972年的48.1%上升至95.0%,逐渐代替了泉水和涝池渠水等其他水源,水源水碘含量呈现泉水>井水>江河水;水碘中位数分别为5.0(1972年)、3.6(1985年)、2.5(2014年)和2.3μg/L(2017年),水碘含量总体呈现下降趋势(χ^(2)=480.53,P<0.05),水碘降低幅度表现为泉水>井水>江河水;不同水碘含量占比存在显著差异(χ^(2)=232.78,P<0.05),<10μg/L的比例分别由前3次检测的71.0%、82.1%和66.6%上升至95%左右。1985年和2014年全省土壤碘检测结果分别为170份和155份,土壤碘中位数分为30.1和12.7μg/kg,土壤碘含量差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.55,P>0.05)。结论甘肃省水碘含量处于长期持续低水平状态,且呈现逐年持续降低趋势,但总体土壤碘含量30年没有明显的变化。甘肃必须长期坚持食盐加碘的补碘措施,定期进行环境碘水平监测,尤其是新水源碘水平监测,同时开展大气碘检测工作,探讨碘自然循环状态。Objective To analyse the change patterns of iodine background values in drinking water and soil of Gansu province,and to provide a reference for adjusting and formulating iodine-related disease prevention and control measures.Methods A literature review was conducted,and a statistical analysis was performed on four water and two soil iodine tests in Gansu province in 1972,1985,2014,and 2017.Results In 1972,1985,2014,and 2017,3151,154,1201,and 1185 water samples were tested,respectively.The composition of water sources changed significantly(χ^(2)=140.97,P<0.01).The proportion of well water increased from 48.1%in 1972 to 95.0% in 2017,gradually replacing other water sources such as spring water and pond/canal water.The iodine contents in different water sources were in the order of spring water>well water>river water.The median water iodine content was 5.0(1972),3.6(1985),2.5(2014),and 2.3μg/L(2017),respectively.Water iodine content decreased over the four years(χ^(2)=480.53,P<0.05),and the decreases were in the order of spring water>well water>river water.The proportions of water iodine content showed significant differences over the four years(χ^(2)=232.78,P<0.05).The proportion of<10μg/L increased from 71.0%,82.1% and 66.6% in the previous three tests to about 95%.There were 170 and 155 soil iodine results in 1985 and 2014,and the median iodine content of soil was 30.1 and 12.7μg/kg,respectively.There was no statistically significant difference in soil iodine content between these two years(Z=-0.55,P>0.05).Conclusion In Gansu Province,the iodine content in drinking water has remained at low levels,with continuous decrease observed year by year.However,the overall soil iodine content has not changed significantly over the past 30 years.It is essential for Gansu to maintain iodized salt supplementation measures,regularly monitor iodine levels in environment,especially in new water sources,and carry out atmospheric iodine detection to explore the circulating state of iodine in nature.

关 键 词：水碘 土壤碘 本底值 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]