变负荷下循环流化床锅炉内燃烧行为研究进展  

Research progress on combustion behavior of circulating fluidized bed boiler during peak shaving

作　　者：武振国 杨楚轲 张守玉[1,2,3] 肖红亮 王君峰 吕俊复 柯希玮[2,3] 吕邦勇 黄健添[1] 梁宁 WU Zhenguo;YANG Chuke;ZHANG Shouyu;XIAO Hongliang;WANG Junfeng;LYU Junfu;KE Xiwei;LYU Bangyong;HUANG Jiantian;LIANG Ning(School of Energy and Power Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,200093 Shanghai,China;Beijing Huairou Laboratory,101499 Beijing,China;Shanxi Research Institute of Huairou Laboratory,030032 Taiyuan,China;Harbin Boiler Company Limited,150046 Harbin,China;Department of Energy and Power Engineering,Tsinghua University,100084 Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院,上海200093 [2]北京怀柔实验室,北京101499 [3]怀柔实验室山西研究院,太原030032 [4]哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司,哈尔滨150046 [5]清华大学能源与动力工程系,北京100084

出　　处：《煤炭转化》2025年第2期78-91,共14页Coal Conversion

基　　金：怀柔实验室重大专项资助项目(ZD2023008A).

摘　　要：“双碳”战略下,煤电是以新能源为主要电源的电网的安全保障,其中循环流化床(circulating fluidized bed,CFB)燃烧发电技术在煤电深度调峰中担当着重要角色,但其热惯性大,制约了CFB锅炉的变负荷速率。降低粒径、改善燃料燃烧特性等燃烧调控行为可降低CFB锅炉的流动、传热和燃烧等热惯性,对提升CFB锅炉的灵活性具有重要意义。焦炭燃烧是固体燃料燃烧的主要放热过程,通过总结并对比常见的焦炭燃烧速率模型(包括动力/扩散表面反应速率模型、焦炭缩核燃烧模型和Coats-Redfern积分法),得出了焦炭燃烧的影响因素。结果表明:焦炭燃烧速率的主要影响因素为给煤粒径、床温、一二次风氧气体积分数和燃料种类;总结了上述主要影响因素对炉内燃烧速率和其他燃烧行为的影响,降低给煤粒径、升高床温、提高氧气体积分数和改善燃料特性均能改善燃料燃烧过程,提升CFB锅炉变负荷速率;基于粒径、燃料特性等因素对循环流化床炉内燃烧行为的影响,国内外研究者开发了不同技术(包括粉煤循环流化床燃烧(powdered coal circulating fluidized bed combustion,PC-CFB燃烧)和燃料高温预热等技术)以提高CFB锅炉灵活性,亦可采用绿色低碳多元燃料掺烧等技术提高CFB锅炉的升负荷速率。Under the“dual carbon”strategy,coal power serves as a security guarantee for grids primarily powered by renewable energy.Circulating fluidized bed(CFB)combustion technology plays a crucial role in deep peak shaving for coal power,but its high thermal inertia limits the load variation rate of CFB boilers.Combustion control measures,such as reducing particle size and improving fuel combustion characteristics,can effectively reduce the flow,heat transfer,and combustion inertia of CFB boilers,significantly enhancing their flexibility.The primary heat release process during solid fuel combustion is char combustion.The common char combustion rate models,including the kinetics/diffusion surface reaction rate model,the shrinking core combustion model,and the Coats-Redfern integration method were summarized and compared.The results indicate that the main factors affecting char combustion rate include coal particle size,bed temperature,volume fraction of oxygen in primary and secondary air,and fuel type.The effects of these factors on combustion rate and other combustion behaviors in the furnace were summarized.Reducing coal particle size,increasing bed temperature,raising volume fraction of oxygen,and improving fuel characteristics all contribute to improving the combustion process and enhancing the load variation rate of CFB boilers.Based on the impacts of particle size,fuel characteristics,and other factors on combustion behavior in CFB furnaces,researchers both domestically and internationally have developed various technologies to improve CFB flexibility,including powdered coal circulating fluidized bed combustion and hightemperature fuel preheating.Additionally,green low-carbon multi-fuel co-combustion technologies can also be employed to increase the load-ramping rate of CFB boilers.

关 键 词：循环流化床 焦炭燃烧 升负荷速率 粒径 床温 氧气体积分数 燃料特性 

分 类 号：TM621[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]