含硅固体废弃物燃烧过程中颗粒物生成机理研究  

Study on mechanism of particulate matter formation during combustion of silicon-containing solid wastes

作　　者：成明锴 陈晟[3] 张皓晨 刘磊 胡鹏 CHENG Mingkai;CHEN Sheng;ZHANG Haochen;LIU Lei;HU Peng(Longyuan(Beijing)New Energy Engineering Technology Company Limited 100034 Beijing,China;National Energy Wind Power Operation Technology Research and Development(Experiment)Center,710117 Xi’an,China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,430074 Wuhan,China)

机构地区：[1]龙源(北京)新能源工程技术有限公司,北京100034 [2]国家能源风电运营技术研发(实验)中心,西安710117 [3]华中科技大学煤燃烧与低碳利用全国重点实验室,武汉430074

出　　处：《煤炭转化》2025年第2期122-130,共9页Coal Conversion

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52036003)。

摘　　要：煤炭、生物质及生活垃圾等固体燃料中普遍存在含硅矿物,燃烧过程中含硅矿物向细颗粒迁移的微观机制尚不明晰。基于沉降炉燃烧系统和低压撞击颗粒物采样仪,通过外部负载方式控制垃圾样品中含硅矿物的种类,在1500 K、空气气氛条件下进行含硅固体燃料燃烧实验。研究了含硅矿物类型对典型生活垃圾燃烧生成细颗粒(PM_(10))的粒径分布、理化特性的影响,量化了含硅矿物和碱金属交互反应对不同模态颗粒物生成的影响。结果表明:含硅矿物对超细模态颗粒(PM_(0.3))的生成有显著影响,添加质量分数为5%的高岭土和石英后,PM_(0.3)生成量分别降低22%和4.7%;添加有机硅后,PM_(0.3)生成量升高11.37%。表明外源含硅矿物(如高岭土、石英等)通过吸附气相碱,生成组分为硅酸盐/硅铝酸盐的粗模态颗粒(PM_(2−10)),而内源含硅矿物主要通过气化-成核或表面反应途径形成超细颗粒。燃烧过程中燃料中有机硅组分会随着挥发分的释放而释放,并进一步氧化形成硅氧团簇,这些硅氧团簇与碱金属之间发生气相反应促进碱硅酸盐的形成,导致该组分在超细颗粒中质量分数高达30%。Silicon-containing minerals are commonly found in solid fuels,such as coal,biomass,and municipal solid waste.However,the microscopic mechanisms of silicon-containing minerals migration into fine particles during combustion remain unclear.Combustion experiments were conducted at 1500 K and air atmosphere using a drop-tube furnace system and a low-pressure impactor for particulate sampling.By externally load method controlled the type of silicon-containing minerals in the waste samples,the study investigatedthe effects of different silicon-containing minerals on the particle size distribution and physicochemical properties of fine particulate matter(PM_(10))generated during combustion of typical municipal solid waste.Furthermore,the interactions between siliconcontaining minerals and alkali metals were quantified to evaluate their contribution to the formation of different particle modes.The results show that silicon-containing minerals significantly affect the generation of ultrafine particles(PM_(0.3)).Specifically,the addition of kaolinite and quartz at a mass fraction of 5%reduces PM_(0.3) formation by 22%and 4.7%,respectively,while the addition of organosilicon compounds increase PM_(0.3) formation by 11.37%.These findings indicate that exogenous siliconcontaining minerals(such as kaolinite and quartz)adsorb gaseous alkali species,facilitating the formation of coarse-mode particles(PM_(2−10))composed of silicates or aluminosilicates.In contrast,endogenous silicon-containing minerals primarily form ultrafine particles through gas-phase nucleation or surface reactions.Furthermore,organosilicon compounds in the fuel are released during the devolatilization process and subsequently oxidized to form siloxane clusters.The gas-phase reaction between silicon-oxygen clusters and alkali metals promotes the formation of alkali silicates,leading toa high mass fraction(up to 30%)of this component in ultrafine particles.

关 键 词：固体废弃物 燃烧 颗粒物 碱金属 含硅矿物 

分 类 号：TQ53[化学工程—煤化学工程] TK16[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]