基于情境预防的养老诈骗犯罪预防机理与治理对策研究  

Research on the Prevention Mechanism and Governance Countermeasures of Elderly Fraud Crimes Based on Situational Prevention

作　　者：柳林[1] Liu Lin(Jilin Police College,Changchun Jilin 130117)

机构地区：[1]吉林警察学院,吉林长春130117

出　　处：《警学研究》2024年第6期71-84,共14页Police Science Research

基　　金：2022年度吉林省公安厅公安理论及软科学研究计划项目“大数据视域下涉老诈骗犯罪的特性与治理路径研究”(LLRKX01-2022);2023年度吉林省教育厅科学研究项目“智慧警务视域下公安院校复合型人才培养策略研究”(JJKH20231071SK)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：老龄化及数字信息叠加发展的时代,养老诈骗犯罪愈发猖獗且侵害性突出,在目标选择、作案手法、组织形式、作案场景方面逐渐演变出新趋势。运用“犯罪三角”理论构建养老诈骗犯罪的情境分析模型,从犯罪主体(控制者)、被害人(守卫者)和社会监管主体(管理者)角度剖析影响养老诈骗犯罪发生的多元情境因素,包括养老服务体系中的消极因素、老年群体的独特被害性、网络黑灰产的运用等。可以通过事前预防、事中阻断、事后惩治三个维度来预防养老诈骗犯罪:事前提高被害人诈骗信息甄别能力、建立老年增权制度、改善社会养老环境;事中拓宽线索获取渠道、紧盯资金追踪、强化黑灰产业链打击治效;事后构建常态化追赃挽损机制、健全养老服务综合监管制度。In the era of an aging population and the development of digital information,crimes of defrauding the elderly have become increasingly rampant with prominent invasiveness,evolving new trends in terms of target selection,modus operandi,organizational forms,and crime scenarios.By applying the“Crime Triangle”theory to construct a situational analysis model of crimes of defrauding the elderly,multiple situational factors are analyzed from the perspectives of the criminal subjects(controllers),the victims(guardians),and the social regulatory subjects(managers),including the negative factors in the elderly care service system,the unique vulnerability of the elderly group,the utilization of online black and gray industries,etc.To prevent crimes of defrauding the elderly from three dimensions:prevention in advance,interception during the process,and punishment after the event.Specifically:beforehand,improve the ability of the victims to screen fraud information,establish an elderly empowerment system,and improve the social elderly care environment.During the process,broaden the channels for obtaining clues,closely monitor the tracking of funds,and strengthen the effectiveness of combating the black and gray industrial chains.After the event,construct a normalized mechanism for recovering stolen goods and losses,and improve the comprehensive supervision system for elderly care services.

关 键 词：养老诈骗 情境预防 预防机理 多元治理 

分 类 号：D631[政治法律—政治学]