清代以来弹词“拟戏化”现象考察  

An Examination of the“Theatricalization”Phenomenon in Tanci since the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：纪德君[1] Ji Dejun

机构地区：[1]广州大学人文学院,广州510006

出　　处：《中山大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期44-56,共13页Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国历代民间说唱文艺研究资料整理与数据库建设”(17ZDA246)。

摘　　要：弹词是明中叶以来江南地区最为流行的一种说唱艺术形式。明代弹词一般只唱不说;入清以后,弹词开始说唱兼施,并且出现了“起角色”说唱的“拟戏化”走向。弹词“拟戏化”导因于戏曲的影响和书场演出的需要,其与戏曲表演脉息相通。戏曲艺人改业弹词,弹词艺人借鉴戏曲并编演戏曲剧本,都助推了弹词的“拟戏化”进程。弹词的“拟戏化”主要表现在艺人弹唱时“起角色”、增加各种说白、化用戏曲声腔、注重放噱头等方面。不过,弹词“拟戏化”并未失去“说书体”的本色,其与戏曲“代言体”表演存在明显差异,因此不宜以“代言体”弹词称之。弹词“拟戏化”对于其由单纯弹唱发展演变为说、噱、弹、唱、演一体化的说唱艺术发挥了至关重要的作用。实际上,从戏曲中汲取营养,在艺术上不断革新,已成为弹词等民间说唱文学保持其艺术活力的不二法门。Tanci弹词is a form of sung storytelling that has been popular in the Jiangnan region since the mid-Ming Dynasty.In the Ming period,Tanci performances typically involved singing without speaking.However,after the Qing Dynasty,Tanci evolved to incorporate both singing and spoken narration,and the“theatricalization”拟戏化trend of performing“in-character”起角色emerged.This theatricalization in Tanci was influenced by opera and the demands of performance venues,reflecting a connection with traditional opera performances.Opera performers who switched to Tanci and Tanci artists who borrowed from opera and composed opera scripts both contributed to the its theatricalization,which is mainly reflected in the performers adopting“in-character”roles,incorporating more spoken dialogue,utilizing operatic vocal techniques,and emphasizing humor during performances.Despite these changes,Tanci has not lost its essence as a“storytelling”genre说书体,which distinguishes it from the“role-speaking”style代言体of traditional opera.Therefore,it is inappropriate to label it as“role-speaking”Tanci.The theatricalization of Tanci has played a crucial role in its evolution from a simple form of singing and reciting to a more integrated form of storytelling that includes speaking,humor,playing instruments,singing and acting.In fact,drawing inspiration from opera and continuously innovating artistically has been the key to maintaining the artistic vitality of Tanci and other forms of folk storytelling.

关 键 词：弹词 拟戏化 代言体 说书体 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]