旗人武将与光绪初年广东军政——以《尚昌懋日记》为中心  

Banner Military Officials and the Military-Political Landscape of Guangdong in the Early Guangxu Reign:Centered on the Diary of Shang Changmao

作　　者：张易和 Zhang Yihe

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系,北京100871

出　　处：《中山大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期92-103,共12页Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：稿本《尚昌懋日记》为考察光绪初年广东军政格局和旗人武职高官面貌,提供了珍贵史料。汉军旗人尚昌懋久任督标中军副将,政治经验娴熟,深受历任总督倚赖。其与方耀、郑绍忠、邓安邦等粤籍武将关系密切,屡次调停粤将与布政使等文官的矛盾,并通过对军事调动提供合理建议,维持粤籍兵将关系平衡,也时常为粤籍武将争取重用。升任副都统后,尚昌懋推动广州驻防旗营整顿积弊、改进训练与装备,中法战争时以湘军营制编练旗兵。但总体而言,其并未将主要精力用于军政兴革,在大部分时间中诗书自娱,广州旗营仍难期御侮。尚昌懋作为旗人,其思维方式、文化修养与汉人士大夫高度趋同,可谓官场成功者,但也受到晚清官场风气的浸染,落后于时代潮流。The manuscript Diary of Shang Changmao尚昌懋日记provides valuable historical material for examining the military-political structure of Guangdong in the early Guangxu光绪reign and the role of high-ranking Banner旗人military officials.Shang Changmao earned the trust of successive governors-general with his political acumen,and maintained close relationships with Guangdong-born military officials,often mediating conflicts between military officers and civil officials,helping balance the relationships among local military forces,and frequently advocating for the advancement of Guangdong-born Generals.Upon his promotion to Deputy Lieutenant-General,Shang worked to address entrenched issues within the Banner system,improve training and tactics,purchase modern firearms,and train Banner troops with the organizational model of the Xiang Army湘军during the Chinese-French War.However,he did not dedicate significant effort to military-political reform,leaving the Guangzhou Banner troops ill-prepared for external threats.As a Banner official,Shang Changmao exhibited thought patterns and cultural refinement closely aligned with Han scholar-officials汉人士大夫,marking him a successful figure in the bureaucracy,However,he was also influenced by the late Qing officialdom and ultimately lagged behind the progressive currents of the era.

关 键 词：尚昌懋 粤籍武将 广东军务 广州驻防八旗 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]