从观念到制度:清末巡警部的裁改争议  

From Concept to Institution:Controversies Surrounding the Restructuring of the Police Department in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：郭思成 Guo Sicheng

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《中山大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期104-114,共11页Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：“国家资助博士后研究人员计划”(GZC20233100)。

摘　　要：1905年末,清廷在京师新设巡警部,立刻引发舆论非议。报媒指责其建制在各国绝无仅有,应改隶“内部”以正名实。对此,巡警部官员亦感困惑。丙午改制期间,围绕“内部”设制方案的若干争论,使得本与旧制改革无关的巡警部建制,其裁改走向与传统部院、中枢机关、皇室机构的改制问题紧密相连。在全面仿行西制落实行政专门化的趋势中,统治集团对“内”的层级认知有别,举棋不定。受此影响,巡警部无论改为“内部”或民政部,局面都相当被动。不同时期各类名实错位的改制方案,体现出时人对于移植域外的“内部”和警察制度的复杂考虑,恰是围绕“内”的中西政制文化差异,造成了这一结果。At the end of 1905,the Qing court established a new police department in the capital,immediately sparking public criticism.The media accused that its establishment was unique among all countries and should be reorganized under the Interior内部to align with its actual function.Officials of the patrol police department were also perplexed in this regard.During the 1906 system reform丙午改制,various debates surrounding the establishment of the Interior led to the police department’s restructuring,which,though unrelated to traditional system reforms,became closely linked to the reform of traditional ministries,central organs,and royal institutions.Amidst the trend of fully adopting Western systems to implement administrative specialization,the ruling group had differing perceptions of the hierarchical level of the Interior内,leading to indecision.As a result,whether the police department was transformed into the Interior or the Ministry of Civil Affairs,the reogranization remained quite passive.Different periods saw various misalignments between names and realities in reform plans,reflecting the complex considerations of transplanting foreign Interior and police systems.It was exactly these cultural differences between Chinese and Western political systems concerning the“Nei”or“Interior”that led to this outcome.

关 键 词：巡警部 内务行政 丙午改制 皇权体制 民政部 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]