硼酸锌对水性聚氨酯防火涂料阻燃抑烟性能的影响  

Effect of Zinc Borate on Flame Retardant and Smoke Suppression of Water-borne Polyurethane Fire-retardant Coatings

作　　者：廖智玮 秦芳 严玉清[1] 郝瑾 秦晶[2] 王会利[2] 李建中[2] Liao Zhiwei;Qin Fang;Yan Yuqing;Hao Jin;Qin Jing;Wang Huili;Li Jianzhong(North China Institute of Science and Technology,Langfang 065201,China;Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology,RCEES,CAS,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]华北科技学院化工安全学院,河北廊坊065201 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境生物技术重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《广东化工》2025年第3期28-31,共4页Guangdong Chemical Industry

基　　金：河北省廊坊市科技局资助项目(2022013072);中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境生物技术重点实验室开放基金项目(kf2021004);中央高校基本科研业务费(3142015009)。

摘　　要：为了提高聚氨酯涂料的阻燃防火性能,以季戊四醇磷酸酯、聚磷酸三聚氰胺为阻燃剂主体,按照一定比例应用在水性聚氨酯涂料中,并加入适量的协效剂硼酸锌、三聚氰胺改性。通过垂直燃烧实验、极限氧指数测定、隔热燃烧实验、烟密度测定及热失重分析,研究该涂料的阻燃性能、耐火时间、发烟量及热稳定。利用傅立叶红外光谱及扫描电镜对残炭的组成及微观结构进行分析。实验结果表明当季戊四醇磷酸酯、聚磷酸三聚氰胺、三聚氰胺、硼酸锌按照质量比17∶7∶1∶3,阻燃剂添加量占涂料总质量的30%,其中硼酸锌的含量为3.2%,涂层厚度为0.7 mm(±0.02 mm)时,耐火时间>40 min,且涂料具有较好的防火抑烟性能。硼酸锌的添加有效提升了水性聚氨酯涂料的阻燃抑烟性能。In order to improve the flame-retardant and fire-retardant properties of polyurethane coatings,pentaerythritol phosphate and melamine polyphosphate were used as the main flame-retardant agents in waterborne polyurethane coatings,and adding appropriate amount of zinc borate,melamine modified.The flame retardancy,fire resistance time,smoke emission and thermal stability of the coating were studied by vertical combustion test,limit oxygen index test,heat insulation combustion test,smoking density test and thermogravimetric analysis.The composition and microstructure of carbon residue were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.The results show that when the mass ratio of pentaerythritol phosphate,melamine polyphosphate,melamine and zinc borate is 17∶7∶1∶3,the amount of flame retardant account for 30%of the total mass of the coatings,the content of zinc borate is 3.2%,and the coating thickness is less than or equal to 0.7 mm(±0.02 mm),the fire resistance time is greater than 40 min,and the coatings have good fire and smoke suppression properties.The addition of zinc borate effectively enhances the flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of water-borne polyurethane coatings.

关 键 词：硼酸锌 阻燃涂料 季戊四醇磷酸酯 水性聚氨酯 

分 类 号：X788[环境科学与工程—环境工程]