工业溶剂源甲醛排放特征与末端处理效率评估研究  

Study on formaldehyde emission characteristics and assessment of treatment efficiency for industrial solvent source

作　　者：孙凯铭 罗浩铭 汪子博 朱曼妮 余飞[2] 廖松地 黄志炯 郑君瑜 SUN Kaiming;LUO Haoming;WANG Zibo;ZHU Manni;YU Fei;LIAO Songdi;HUANG Zhijiong;ZHENG Junyu(College of Environment and Climate,Institute for Environmental and Climate Research,Jinan University,Guangzhou 511443;School of Ecology and Environment,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001;Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust,The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(Guangzhou),Guangzhou 511458)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学环境与气候学院,环境与气候研究院,广州511443 [2]郑州大学生态与环境学院,郑州450001 [3]香港科技大学(广州)可持续能源与环境学域,广州511458

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2025年第3期88-99,共12页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.42205097,42121004)。

摘　　要：工业溶剂使用源是挥发性有机物(VOCs)的重要排放源,然而甲醛(HCHO)这类高活性且毒害性的VOC组分排放尚未得到关注.本研究选取重点VOCs排放行业(制鞋、塑料玩具涂装、家具制造、印刷和船舶制造)为研究对象,利用自主研发的在线甲醛测量系统,对工业车间和废气烟道HCHO排放进行了定量研究,探究主要工艺过程和烟道废气HCHO的排放特征,以及常见废气末端处理技术对HCHO的处理效率.研究结果显示,不同工艺车间和企业烟道中的HCHO浓度水平差异显著,但均符合当前的室内空气和工业废气排放标准.此外,本研究建立了制鞋帮面配制、塑料玩具涂装喷涂、家具制造和船舶制造等工艺的HCHO排放因子.有组织废气经处理后,各工艺HCHO排放因子分别为0.47 mg·双^(-1)、0.80 mg·件^(-1)、76.31 mg·件^(-1)以及2.67×10^(5)mg·艘^(-1).值得注意的是,通过测量废气末端处理装置前后的HCHO排放变化,发现常见的处理技术对HCHO的去除效率不理想且存在较大不确定性,甚至导致HCHO排放增加,尤其是UV光解和活性炭吸附组合技术导致HCHO排放增加了5倍.因此,未来仍需开展更多关于工业源HCHO这类高活性、高毒性组分排放特征的研究,提高对HCHO来源的认识,并加强排放控制管理,以有效降低HCHO的排放.Industrial solvent usage is a significant emission source of volatile organic compounds(VOCs),with formaldehyde(HCHO)being a notably toxic and hazardous VOC component.However,the emissions of HCHO from solvent usage sources have received inadequate attention.This study focuses on key VOCs-emitting industries including shoe manufacturing,plastic toy coating,furniture manufacturing,printing,and shipbuilding.Using a self-developed online formaldehyde measurement system,this study investigated the emission characteristics of HCHO from major processes of typical solvent usage enterprises and evaluated the removal efficiency of common end-of-pipe treatment technologies for HCHO.The results show considerable differences in HCHO concentration levels across different workshops and enterprise flues,all meeting current indoor air and industrial waste gas emission standards.Additionally,this study established the post-treatment HCHO emission factors for exhausts from shoe upper preparation,plastic toy coating spraying,furniture manufacturing,and shipbuilding as 0.47 mg·pair^(-1),0.80 mg·item^(-1),76.31 mg·item^(-1),and 2.67×10^(5)mg·vessel^(-1),respectively.Notably,measurements of HCHO emissions before and after end-of-pipe treatment devices revealed that common end-of-pipe treatment technologies exhibited unsatisfactory and highly uncertain removal efficiencies,with most resulting in increased HCHO emissions.Specifically,the UV photolysis and activated carbon adsorption technology in the mixed process workshop of plastic toy coating enterprises increased HCHO emissions by 5 times.Therefore,future research should focus on the emission characteristics of highly reactive and toxic components such as HCHO,deepen the understanding of HCHO sources,and strengthen emission control management to effectively reduce HCHO emissions.

关 键 词：甲醛 工业溶剂源 在线测量 排放因子 处理效率 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]