剩余污泥与垃圾焚烧渗滤液协同厌氧消化改善产甲烷效能  

Synergistic anaerobic digestion of excess sludge and waste incineration leachate improves methanogenic efficiency

作　　者：关帅 徐志嫱[2] 孙宇佳 张卓[2] 董雯[2] 余耀宏 胡大龙 卢剑 李亚娟 孙东奇 郗天浩 GUAN Shuai;XU Zhiqiang;SUN Yujia;ZHANG Zhuo;DONG Wen;YU Yaohong;HU Dalong;LU Jian;LI Yajuan;SUN Dongqi;XI Tianhao(Xi'an Engineering Research Center of Industrial Water Saving and Wastewater Treatment,Xi'an TPRI Water-Management&Environment Protection Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710054;State Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Ecology and Environment in Arid Area,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi'an 710048;State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Flexible Coal Power Generation and Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage,Beijing 102200)

机构地区：[1]西安西热水务环保有限公司,西安市工业节水及废水治理工程技术研究中心,西安710054 [2]西安理工大学旱区水工程生态环境全国重点实验室,西安710048 [3]高效灵活煤电及碳捕集利用封存全国重点实验室,北京102200

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2025年第3期325-335,共11页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(No.2024SF-YBXM-571)。

摘　　要：厌氧消化技术是实现有机废弃物减量化、无害化和资源化的有效方法.然而单独对剩余污泥和垃圾焚烧渗滤液进行厌氧消化时,存在甲烷产量低的问题.因此,本研究旨在明确污泥与渗滤液协同厌氧消化效果,探究这两种废弃物的最佳投配比例及促进产甲烷效能的作用机制.结果表明,适宜投配比的污泥与渗滤液进行协同厌氧消化能改善系统C/N比,促进有机物水解和底物减量化,提升产甲烷效率.当污泥与渗滤液以1∶1的体积比混合进行厌氧消化时(A50组),甲烷产量达到最高,相较于单独处理污泥(A0组)和渗滤液(A100组)分别提高了144.96%和673.21%.此时,A50组的挥发性固体(VS)降解率最高,为45.29%,上清液中的可溶性蛋白(SP)和溶解性多糖(SC)含量显著减少,消化残渣稳定性得到改善.微生物群落分析显示,协同厌氧消化显著增加了系统内水解酸化菌的相对丰度,特别是Firmicutes菌属和Cloacimonadales菌目在A50组中的相对丰度最高,这些菌群在有机物水解酸化和产甲烷过程中发挥了关键作用,从而使A50组在营养代谢、能量代谢和生物合成等方面功能均优于A0组和A100组.研究优化了污泥与渗滤液协同厌氧消化的混合比例,为有机废弃物高效处理和能源回收提供了新思路.Anaerobic digestion is an effective technology for reducing,decontaminating,and recycling organic waste.However,when excess sludge and waste incineration leachate are individually subjected to anaerobic digestion,methane yield is relatively low.Therefore,this study aims to clarify the performance of anaerobic co-digestion of excess sludge and leachate,exploring the optimal mixing ratio and mechanisms that promote methane production efficiency.The results showed that anaerobic co-digestion of sludge and leachate with appropriate mixing ratio could improve the C/N ratio of the system,promote hydrolysis of organic matter and substrate reduction,and enhance methane production efficiency.When sludge was mixed with leachate in the 1∶1 volume ratio for anaerobic digestion(group A50),the highest methane production was achieved,increasing 144.96%and 673.21%compared to sludge alone(group A0)and leachate alone(group A100),respectively.At this time,group A50 achieved the highest degradation rate of volatile solids(VS)of 45.29%,with significant reductions in soluble proteins(SP)and soluble polysaccharides(SC)in the supernatant,and the stability of the digestion residue was improved.Microbial community analysis showed that anaerobic co-digestion significantly increased the relative abundance of hydrolytic and acidifying bacteria in the system,especially genus Firmicutes and order Cloacimonadales,which had the highest relative abundance in group A50.These populations played key roles in hydrolysis and acidification of organic matter and methane production,leading to functionally superior nutrient metabolism,energy metabolism and biosynthesis functions in group A50 compared to groups A0 and A100.The study optimized the mixing ratio for anaerobic co-digestion of sludge and leachate,providing insights into the efficient treatment and energy recovery of organic waste.

关 键 词：剩余污泥 垃圾焚烧渗滤液 协同厌氧消化 投配比 产甲烷效能 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X172