不同活化剂对超薄板脉冲激光焊焊接接头组织及性能的影响  

Effects of Different Activators on Microstructure and Properties of Pulsed Laser Welded Joints of Extremely Thin Plates

作　　者：侯东旭 殷子强 陈培敦[2] 夏佃秀[1] 王守仁[1] HOU Dongxu;YIN Ziqiang;CHEN Peidun;XIA Dianxiu;WANG Shouren(School of Mechanical Engineering,University of Jinan,Ji'nan 250022,China;Shandong Taishan Iron and Steel Group Co.,Ltd.,Ji'nan 250013,China)

机构地区：[1]济南大学机械工程学院,山东济南250022 [2]山东泰山钢铁集团有限公司,山东济南250013

出　　处：《电焊机》2025年第3期48-57,共10页Electric Welding Machine

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金(ZR2020ME150);山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目(2024TSG0130、2024TSG0111、2022TSGC1130);济南市揭榜挂帅项目(高耐蚀抗磨损轨道交通车辆用不锈钢产品开发及制备关键技术)。

摘　　要：446铁素体不锈钢因其良好的耐腐蚀性和低廉的成本,在燃料电池双极板等领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而,超薄板在焊接过程中易出现晶粒粗化和焊后变形等问题,限制了其应用。本研究旨在通过在脉冲激光焊接过程中加入CeO_(2)、TiO_(2)、SiO_(2)、Y_(2)O_(3)四种活化剂,探究其对0.1 mm厚446铁素体不锈钢焊接接头微观组织、电化学腐蚀性能、力学性能和焊后变形量的影响。研究发现,活化剂的加入使晶粒粗化现象得到了明显改善,其中TiO_(2)效果最佳,CeO_(2)、Y_(2)O_(3)次之,SiO_(2)效果最弱;Y_(2)O_(3)的加入导致针状铁素体组织形成。活化剂提升了焊接接头的电化学腐蚀性能,TiO_(2)效果最佳,CeO_(2)、Y_(2)O_(3)次之,SiO_(2)效果最弱;活化剂促进了钝化膜的形成,并抑制了晶界处的碳化物析出,提高了材料的耐腐蚀性。活化剂降低了焊接接头的显微硬度,其中TiO_(2)效果最显著,CeO_(2)、SiO_(2)次之,Y_(2)O_(3)由于针状铁素体的形成导致硬度增加;活化剂细化晶粒,降低了接头的硬化现象电化学腐蚀性能以及力学性能增强,焊后变形量减小。活化剂减小了焊接接头的焊后变形量,这主要归因于活化剂提高了材料对激光能量的吸收效率,降低了焊接过程中的热输入,从而减少了因加热不均匀导致的变形。本研究为446铁素体不锈钢焊接接头的晶粒细化及性能提升提供了理论依据与工程化应用方案。Ferritic stainless steel 446,due to its good corrosion resistance and low cost,has broad application prospects in fields such as fuel cell bipolar plates.However,extremely thin plates are prone to grain coarsening and post-welding deformation during the welding process,limiting their application.This study aims to explore the effects of adding four activators-CeO_(2),TiO_(2),SiO_(2),Y_(2)O_(3)-during the pulsed laser welding process on the microstructure,electrochemical corrosion performance,mechanical properties,and post-welding deformation of 0.1 mm thick ferritic stainless steel 446 welding joints.The research found that the addition of activators significantly improved the phenomenon of grain coarsening,among which TiO_(2)had the best effect,followed by CeO_(2)and Y_(2)O_(3),with SiO_(2)having the weakest effect;the addition of Y_(2)O_(3)led to the formation of acicular ferrite structure.Activators enhanced the electrochemical corrosion performance of the welding joints,with TiO_(2)having the best effect,followed by CeO_(2)and Y_(2)O_(3),and SiO_(2)having the weakest effect;activators promoted the formation of passivation films and inhibited the precipitation of carbides at the grain boundaries,improving the material's corrosion resistance.Activators reduced the microhardness of the welding joints,among which TiO_(2)had the most significant effect,followed by CeO_(2)and SiO_(2),while Y_(2)O_(3)increased hardness due to the formation of acicular ferrite;activators refined the grains,reducing the hardening phenomenon,enhancing electrochemical corrosion performance and mechanical properties,and decreasing post-welding deformation.Activators reduced the post-welding deformation of the welding joints,mainly attributed to the fact that activators improved the material's absorption efficiency of laser energy,reducing the heat input during welding,thereby reducing deformation caused by uneven heating.This study provides a theoretical basis and engineering application scheme for grain refinement and performance improv

关 键 词：脉冲激光焊接 446铁素体不锈钢 超薄板 活化剂 晶粒细化 

分 类 号：TG456.7[金属学及工艺—焊接]