卫星遥感影像在尾矿库安全风险监测中的应用研究  

Study on application of satellite remote sensing image in safety risk monitoring of tailings pond

作　　者：李振涛 付士根[2] 郭利[3] 褚衍玉 王守印 LI Zhentao;FU Shigen;GUO Li;CHU Yanyu;WANG Shouyin(School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;China Academy of Safety Science&Technology,Beijing 100012,China;Publicity and Education Center of Emergency Management Department,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学资源与安全学院,重庆400044 [2]中国安全生产科学研究院,北京100012 [3]应急管理部宣传教育中心,北京100013

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2025年第3期126-132,共7页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3001300)。

摘　　要：我国尾矿库数量多、分布散,大多处于条件恶劣、交通不便地区,部分尾矿库库区面积大,难以全面掌握尾矿库整体风险状况,且相当数量的尾矿库为位于生活区、工矿企业或城镇等上游的“头顶库”,随着尾矿逐年堆积,尾矿库溃坝风险更加突出。为进一步提高尾矿库风险监测能力,弥补尾矿库地面监测成本高、盲区多、采集难度大等问题,采用卫星遥感技术,研究尾矿库水体面积、下游重要设施等关键指标识别与风险监测。研究结果表明:相对于传统的地面监测,卫星遥感监测具有快速、高效、成本低、探测范围大和受地面环境限制少等优势,在获取尾矿库区域宏观信息、关键指标参数变化、下游风险区域等方面具有较好的应用,可有效提升尾矿库风险监测能力,为尾矿库早期风险识别和事故调查提供技术参考。The number of tailings ponds in China is large and the distribution is scattered.Most of them are in harsh conditions and inconvenient transportation areas.The area of some tailings ponds is large,and it is difficult to fully grasp the overall risk status of tailings ponds.A considerable number of tailings ponds are located in the upstream of living areas,industrial and mining enterprises or towns,named as“overhead tailings pond”.The risk of tailings dam break is more prominent with the accumulation of tailings year by year.In order to further improve the risk monitoring ability of tailings pond and make up for the problems of high cost,many blind areas and difficult collection in the ground monitoring of tailings pond,the satellite remote sensing technology was used to study the identification and risk monitoring of key indexes such as water area and downstream important facilities of tailings pond.The results show that compared with the traditional ground monitoring,the satellite remote sensing has the advantages of fast,high efficiency,low cost,large detection range and less restrictions by the ground environment.It has a good application in obtaining the regional macro information of tailings pond,the change of key index parameters and the downstream risk area,and can effectively improve the risk monitoring ability of tailings pond.The research results can provide technical reference for early risk identification and accident investigation of tailings ponds.

关 键 词：卫星遥感影像 尾矿库 安全监测 风险识别 

分 类 号：X936[环境科学与工程—安全科学]