补饲对育成期安犏牛生长性能和瘤胃微生物区系的影响  

Effects of Supplementary Feeding on Growth Performance and Rumen Microbial Community of Angus Cattle-yaks During Growing Period

作　　者：刘东花 罗兰 吴晓云[3] LIU Donghua;LUO Lan;WU Xiaoyun(Gansu Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station,Lanzhou 730030,China;Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Animal Husbandry Station,Urumqi 830000,China;Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省畜牧技术推广总站,兰州730030 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区畜牧总站,乌鲁木齐830000 [3]中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所,兰州730050

出　　处：《中国草食动物科学》2025年第2期65-71,共7页China Herbivore Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1600200);甘肃省农业农村厅科技项目(GNKJ-2021-38)。

摘　　要：为探讨补饲对育成期安犏牛生长性能和瘤胃微生物多样性的影响,本研究选取1岁左右、体重相近、体况良好的12头育成期安犏公牛,随机平均分成2组,每组6个重复,放牧组(FM组)采用纯放牧方式饲养,补饲组(BS组)则采用放牧+补饲方式饲养,试验期100 d,其中预饲期10 d,正饲期90 d。结果表明:BS组安犏牛的终末体重、总增重和日增重分别为174.36、37.37和0.42 kg,均极显著高于FM组(P<0.01)。通过高通量测序发现,12个样本共有5987个扩增子序列变体(ASV)。α多样性分析表明,BS组的Simpson指数显著低于FM组(P<0.05)。在门水平上,补饲显著提高了变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的相对丰度(P<0.05),降低了放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)的相对丰度(P<0.05)。在优势菌属中,BS组中的普雷沃氏菌科UCG-003(Prevotellaceae_UCG-003)和琥珀酸弧菌科_UCG-002(Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-002)的相对丰度极显著高于FM组(P<0.01)。琥珀酸弧菌属(Succinivibrio)和拟杆菌目RF16菌群(Bacteroidales_RF16_group)在BS组的相对丰度显著高于FM组(P<0.05),Muribaculaceae和产粪甾醇真杆菌属群(Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group)在BS组的相对丰度显著低于FM组(P<0.05)。综上所述,与纯放牧方式相比,放牧+补饲的饲养方式可显著提高安犏牛的生长性能,显著影响瘤胃微生物的生长繁殖。The study aimed to investigate the impact of supplementation on the growth performance and rumen microbial diversity in adolescent Angus cattle-yaks.A total of 12 healthy one-year-old adolescent Angus cattle-yaks with similar body weight were randomly assigned to two groups,with 6 replicates per group.The grazing group(FM group)was subjected to pure grazing,while the supplementation group(BS group)received a combination of grazing and supplementary concentrate feed.The experimental period lasted 100 days,comprising a 10-day pre-feeding phase and a 90-day main feeding phase.The results indicated that the final body weight,total weight gain,and daily weight gain of Angus cattle-yaks in the BS group were 174.36,37.37,and 0.42 kg,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the FM group(P<0.01).High-throughput sequencing identified a total of 5987 ASVs in the 12 rumen content samples.Alpha diversity analysis showed that the Simpson index in the BS group was significantly lower than in the FM group(P<0.05).At the phylum level,supplementation significantly increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and decreased that of Actinobacteria(P<0.05).Among the dominant bacterial genera,the relative abundances of Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 and Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-002 in the BS group were significantly higher than in the FM group(P<0.01).The relative abundances of Succinivibrio and Bacteroidales_RF16_group in the BS group were significantly higher than those in the FM group(P<0.05),whereas those of Muribaculaceae and Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group were significantly lower in the BS group(P<0.05).In conclusion,grazing supplemented with concentrate feed enhances the growth performance of Angus cattle-yaks and alters growth and reproduction of rumen microbiota.

关 键 词：补饲 安犏牛 生长性能 瘤胃微生物 

分 类 号：S823.85[农业科学—畜牧学]