北宋东京的地貌环境与洪涝治理  

The Topography and Flood Control in Kaifeng during the Northern Song Dynasty

作　　者：梁建国[1] LIANG Jianguo(School of History and Cultural Heritage,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,Fujian)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学历史与文化遗产学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期116-129,共14页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“北宋京畿地区洪涝治理研究”(18BZS151)。

摘　　要：北宋东京周边冈阜众多,城区地势低平,容易遭受洪水侵袭,特别是城南,地势更为低洼,是内涝的重灾区。东京及其周边散布着水泊、陂塘和园池等水体,客观上发挥着蓄洪排涝的功能。汴河、蔡河及五丈河等河渠流经城区,河面上万舟骈集,河堤上杨柳依依,漕运繁华的背后也潜伏着河道泛滥与河堤决溢的风险。为此,朝廷采取疏浚河道、开挖新河、加固堤防等一系列措施,有效缓解了京城的行洪压力,也潜移默化地改变着区域地貌。北宋中后期,东京遭遇洪水时,积水地段由城南向城东、由外城向城外转移。灾情所呈现的地貌变化,折射出城市空间上的分层治理,即优先保障内城安全,其次是外城,最后是城外郊区。这种治理模式带有浓厚的官方统筹色彩,其优势是确保救灾活动的综合效益最大化。During the Northern Song Dynasty,Kaifeng was surrounded by numerous hills,while the urban area itself was low and flat.Heavy rainfall often led to flooding,particularly in the southern part of the city,which was more prone to waterlogging.The region around Kaifeng was dotted with various water bodies,such as ponds,which played a significant role in flood storage and drainage.The Bian River,Cai River,and Wuzhang River flowed through the urban area,bustling with boats and lined with willows along the banks.However,beneath this vibrant landscape lay the hidden risks of river flooding and bank breaches.In response,the imperial court implemented measures such as dredging the rivers,excavating new waterways,and strengthening embankments,a-chieving some success.During floods,waterlogged areas shifted from the southern part of the city to the east and from the outer city to the outskirts.This not only reflected changes in Kaifeng's topography but also highlighted the Song Dynasty's hierarchical ap-proach to flood control,prioritizing the safety of the inner city,then the outer city,and finally the suburbs.The goal of flood control was to protect the lives and property of urban residents by diverting floods outside the city.The suburbs also employed human inter-ventions to channel floodwaters into rivers and prevent overflow.The topographic changes in Kaifeng during the Northern Song Dynas-ty were closely tied to flood control efforts,illustrating the interactive relationship between human activities and the urban environ-ment.

关 键 词：北宋 东京 地貌环境 洪涝治理 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]