美国关键矿产战略的演进、影响及中国的应对  

America’s Critical Mineral Strategy:Evolution,Influence and China’s Response

作　　者：张宸旸 徐飞彪[2,3] Zhang Chenyang

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学国际关系与公共事务学院 [2]中国现代国际关系研究院 [3]中国现代国际关系研究院金砖暨G20研究中心

出　　处：《和平与发展》2025年第1期21-44,172,173,共26页Peace and Development

基　　金：2022年国家社科基金重点项目“美国政治生态变化和两党对华政策比较研究”(项目编号:22AGJ011)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：从特朗普第一任期到拜登政府,美国加速实施以大国竞争为基础、以提升经济安全为目标、以强化同盟关系为手段的关键矿产战略。与特朗普相比,拜登政府更重视绿色能源和绿色产业及其相关关键矿产供应,也更重视构建多边联盟和小圈子强化美国对关键矿产供应链的控制力。美国的政策刺激各国纷纷出台关键矿产战略,拥有关键矿产的国家资源民族主义升温,相关的出口限制和投资审查趋于严格。美欧在关键矿产领域推动的“去中国化”“去俄罗斯化”,对国际贸易和全球供应链形成长期影响。特朗普的重新执政,预示中美围绕关键矿产的竞争会更激烈。为应对美国关键矿产战略的负面影响,中国应充分挖掘国内开采潜力、优化海外矿产资源的保障能力,并加强与美国的沟通与合作,共同提升全球资源治理的水平。Doctoral Student at the School of International Relations and Public Aff airs,Shanghai International Studies University;and Xu Feibiao,Research Professor and Director at the Center for BRICS and G20 Studies,CICIR.From the Trump administration to the Biden administration,the United States had accelerated the implementation of a critical mineral strategy based on major-country competition,aimed at improving economic security,and by means of enhancing alliances.Compared with the previous Trump administration,the Biden administration attached more importance to green energy and green industries,and the supply of related critical minerals.It also laid greater store by building multilateral alliances and small circles to strengthen the control of the United States over the critical mineral supply chain.The US policy has stimulated the introduction of critical mineral strategies in various countries,as a result of which resource nationalism in countries with critical minerals is on the rise,and related export restrictions and investment reviews have become stricter.The“de-Sinification”and“de-Russifi cation”promoted by the United States and Europe in the fi eld of critical minerals will have a long-term impact on international trade and the global supply chain.Trump’s return to power heralds more intense competition between China and the US over critical minerals.In order to cope with the negative impact of America’s critical mineral strategy,China should fully tap its domestic mining potential,optimize the guarantee capacity of overseas mineral resources,and strengthen communication and cooperation with the US to jointly improve the level of global resource governance.

关 键 词：特朗普政府 拜登政府 美国优先 关键矿产 供应链 脱钩断链 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]